Comprehensive design and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with a two-speed dual-clutch transmission

Wang, Yu; Lü, Enli; Lu, Huazhong; Zhang, Nong; Zhou, Xingxing

doi:10.1177/1687814016683144

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This feature can also be achieved with dual clutch setting, which was presented by Wang, Lü et al, 2017,. Their solution also included only two gear pairs per gear, which increases the efficiency of the transmission, because the efficiency of single gear pair is high as table 3 shows.…”

Section: Multi-speed Transmissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Electric Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Two-Speed Gearbox

Laitinen¹,

Lajunen²,

Tammi³

2017

2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

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Road transportation is one of the most significant carbon dioxide emission sources and about one tenth of European Union region emissions are produced by passenger cars. These emissions have been reduced successfully in Finland and also on European Union region and so far, the set goals have been reached. Car manufacturers have developed internal combustion engines which produce less emissions and this has reduced emissions of new registered cars. Nevertheless, there is limits to internal combustion engine development and emissions cannot be reduced infinitely with this development. Therefore, the number of cars using alternative fuels and energy sources has to grow.Electricity as an alternative fuel has been a choice in vehicle industry for a while. Limited driving range with a single battery charge has been a major barrier in electric vehicle fleet growth. Driving range can be extended by increasing battery capacity but there is volume, weight and cost boundaries that limit battery size. One option for increasing driving range is improving the energy efficiency of the electric vehicle when the on-board battery energy would be utilized more efficiently.This research focuses on improving electric vehicle energy efficiency with two-speed gearbox. Traditionally, the electric motor of an electric vehicle is coupled to driving wheels with a single-speed gearbox. Electric motor as a traction motor enables such drivetrain but with a single-speed gearbox the electric motor must operate in wide speed range. The use of wide speed range forces the motor to work in non-optimal speeds which effects on its energy efficiency. The possible energy efficiency improvement of electric vehicle with multi-speed gearbox is examined in this research.The benefits of two-speed gearbox were evaluated based on the simulation results provided by a developed simulation model. Evaluations were done by comparing the energy consumptions of the reference model to the model that utilizes a two-speed gearbox. Simulations also included an optimization study for determining the optimal gear ratios in order to minimize energy consumption. The results reveal that it is possible to improve energy efficiency with two-speed gearbox but it is heavily dependent on the motor efficiency map which in turn depends on the electric motor type. The benefit of a two-speed gearbox was slightly better in higher speed driving cycles. Keywords Electric vehicle, energy efficiency, transmission, simulationAalto-yliopisto, PL 11000, 00076 AALTO www.aalto.fi Diplomityön tiivistelmä Tekijä Heikki LaitinenTyön nimi Sähköauton energiatehokkuuden parantaminen kaksiportaisen vaihdelaatikon avulla Koulutusohjelma Konetekniikan maisteriohjelmaPää-/sivuaine Koneensuunnittelu Koodi K3001 Työn valvoja Professori Kari Tammi Työn ohjaaja(t) TkT Antti LajunenPäivämäärä 29.5.2017 Sivumäärä 56+3 Kieli englanti TiivistelmäLiikenne on yksi merkittävimmistä hiilidioksidipäästöjä aiheuittavista lähteistä ja Euroopan Unionin alueella noin kymmenesosa kaikista päästöistä on peräisin ...

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Section: Multi-speed Transmissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Electric Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Two-Speed Gearbox

Laitinen¹,

Lajunen²,

Tammi³

2017

2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

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“…8) to selected the best optimum gear shifting strategy design. The final optimized (8) Weighted Score = ∑ (75 + 100 + 325) 600 × normalize t acc + 100 600 × normalize fuel acc Pareto solution is shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the driving cycle for a performance vehicle on the race track is not widely available, and hence this poses a challenge for engineers trying to optimize formula racing vehicles. Additionally, most research studies are simply focused on the optimization of fuel consumption via the gear shifting strategy or gear ratio tuning without taking into account the performance of the vehicle [4,[8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, researchers paid more attention to passenger and commercial vehicle in which vehicle performance is not a critical aspect of the vehicle design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective optimization of virtual formula powertrain design for enhanced performance and fuel efficiency

Tey

Shak

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Formula 1 is considered an important motorsport event that has driven the development of cutting-edge automotive technology. Similarly, virtual formula competition is introduced at the university level to harness technological advances for automotive development among universities. Performance and fuel efficiency have always been two conflicting objectives in determining the optimal powertrain design. In this paper, state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are employed to optimize the vehicle powertrain design based on competing event and the ontrack performance through software in-the-loop optimization approach. Unlike conventional powertrain optimization approach where the powertrain design is optimized again standard urban driving profiles to achieve optimum driving performance and fuel consumption which is not suitable to be employed to optimize race car powertrain design. The powertrain design is optimized and benchmarked in multiple dynamic test events i.e. Acceleration, Autocross and Endurance. Each event measures different performance parameters (i.e. lap time and fuel consumption) A total of nine design parameters are optimized in this study. Three design parameters (employed to formulate the progressive gear calculation of six gear ratios), five gear shifting rpm (revolutions per minute) and an aerodynamic downforce scale value (for front and rear downforce). Two stages of optimization solution are proposed to handle such complicated design requirement. NSGA-II was identified as the most efficient algorithms among the MOEAs employed in this study; especially in terms of computational time, Pareto distribution and Pareto design. Overall, the optimized powertrain design showed significant improvement in all events i.e. energy efficiency was increased by 13.7% for the endurance event while lap time was reduced by 0.7 and 1.2% in the acceleration and autocross events, respectively.

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“…For small speed, the rolling resistance calculated as (1) represents the weight of the function and is the speed of the tire. The coefficients multiplied by the rolling resistance are the physical properties of the tire [3].…”

Section: B Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle to Optimize Its Cost and Range

Kaushik¹

2019

IJEAT

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In the present days, the vehicles are primarily operated for transportation applications. The conventional energy sources like oil and gas are used as fuel sources of various vehicles. Since the year 2000, electric vehicles are commonly used in various countries. Within the previous few years, the electric vehicle remains a constant topic for the research community. The drive train can be the main challenge for the researchers. In this paper, we developed an EV drive train configuration with the help of AC motors. The developed model contains a battery source, AC motors (Induction (squirrel cage) and Synchronous (PMSM), motor controller (DTC (Direct torque control) and FOC (field Oriented control), PI control, wheels configuration (Front and Rear) and vehicle body. The model developed on the Simulink tool of Matlab. A Metaheuristic optimization algorithm WOA (Whale Optimization Algorithm) used to optimize the gain parameters of PI control. WOA based optimized PI controllers can adjust their gains values (Kp and Ki ) in correspondence to deviations of EV speed and torque and results in stable speed and torque conditions. The proposed optimization controllers possess advantages over conventional controllers in terms of its robustness, to achieve better EV stability, no speed overshoot and accurate speeds

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Comprehensive design and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain equipped with a two-speed dual-clutch transmission

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Improving Electric Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Two-Speed Gearbox

Improving Electric Vehicle Energy Efficiency with Two-Speed Gearbox

Multi-objective optimization of virtual formula powertrain design for enhanced performance and fuel efficiency

Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle to Optimize Its Cost and Range

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