Comprehensive comparison on the anti-inflammation and GC-MS-based metabolomics discrimination between Bupleuri chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd

Abstract

Bupleuri Radix (BR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and widely used for cold and fever, influenza, inflammation, hepatitis and menstrual diseases. Two authentic medicinal plants of Bupleuri chinense DC. (Beichaihu, BCH) and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. (Nanchiahu, NCH) are recommended by the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia for BR. In the present study, the comparative investigations on the anti-inflammatory effects and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics for the species discrimination of BCH and NCH were conducted and reported. The in vitro evaluations indicated that the supercritical fluid extracts (SFEs) (IC50 of 6.39 ± 0.52 and 1.32 ± 0.05 mg (herb)/mL for BCH and NCH) were determined to be more potent than those of the hydro-distillation extracts (HDEs) (IC50 of 203.90 ± 8.08 and 32.32 ± 2.27 mg (herb)/mL for BCH and NCH) against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. The higher anti-inflammatory effects of NCH were associated to its different chemical compositions to the BCH as characterized by the GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, based on the metabolomics and deep chemometric approaches, a minimum combination containing 15 chemical markers was optimized from the identified components and successfully applied for the species discrimination of BCH and NCH. This study not only helps to comparative understand BCH and NCH both in phytochemistry and pharmacology, but also provides the potential chemical markers for improvement of methods for the quality control of BCH and NCH.

GC-MS analysis and cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane fraction from Curcuma sahuynhensis Škornick. & N.S.Lý leaves collected in Vietnam

“…However, this essential oil was inactive against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Salmonella enterica (ATCC 13076) as previously reported (18). Chromatography-based untargeted metabolomics studies are quick-to-use and reliable approaches, and they have been used for quality studies on herbal medications recently (19,20). Among the major phytochemicals detected (Fig.…”

Comparative Study on Volatile Oils among Bupleuri radix Species and Habitats: Yields, Chemical Characterization and Antipyretic Activities

“…It was reported that volatile oil of BSW had stronger anti‐inflammatory effect than that of BCD, [18] which furthered the potential benefits of BSW utilization. Fever is a typical symptom accompanied with inflammatory diseases [19] .…”

Exploring the Significance, Extraction, and Characterization of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites in Complex Mixtures

“…GC-MS could provide the highest resolution for the separation of compounds with less method development, as a single gaseous mobile phase is used with a temperature gradient. Furthermore, GC-MS with electron impact ionization provides a fingerprint of the primary and secondary metabolites, making GC-MS an indispensable tool in mixture analysis [72,73]. Selective extraction followed by the characterization of secondary metabolites with the help of sophisticated instruments is highly important in identifying the active principles in plant-derived extracts.…”