Comprehensive Characterization of Oils and Fats of Six Species from the Colombian Amazon Region with Industrial Potential

Abstract

The Colombian Amazon is a megadiverse region with high potential for commercial use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, constantly expanding and looking for new alternatives from natural resources; unfortunately, few characterization reports of its profitable non-timber species in Colombia have been conducted. This work aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of traditionally used species: Carapa guianensis (Andiroba), Euterpe precatoria (Asai), Mauritia flexuosa (Miriti), Astrocaryum murumuru (Murumuru), Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha Inchi), and Caryodendron orinocense H.Karst (Cacay). For this purpose, oil and fat quality indices, phytosterol, carotenoid, tocopherol, and tocotrienol content, as well as density and refractive index, were measured to establish their quality level. Multivariate analysis showed four groups of samples; such differences were mainly due to the composition rather than quality indices and physical properties, especially the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. All species reported a precise composition, which makes them noninterchangeable, and Miriti oil arose as the most versatile ingredient for the industry. The Colombian Amazon region is a promising source of quality raw material, especially for oils/fats and unsaturated fatty acids; this resulted in the most interest for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic purposes.

Novel Organogels from Mauritia flexuosa L.f and Caryodendron orinocense Karst.: A Topical Alternative

“…The acidity index was carried out by titration with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution (KOH), according to the work of Lozano et al [ 26 ]. The saponification index was carried out by titration with 0.5 N potassium hydroxide alcohol solution (KOH) according to the work of Lozano et al [ 26 ]. The refractive index was carried out using a digital refractometer ATAGO PAL-RI at room temperature, and for the calculation of the relative density, a pycnometer of 25 mL was used at room temperature.…”

Effect of Fermentation and Extraction Techniques on the Physicochemical Composition of Copoazú Butter (Theobroma grandiflorum) as an Ingredient for the Cosmetic Industry

“…The acidity value, saponification value, and iodine value were determined, following the same methodology described by Lozano-Garzón et al [12], wherein titration, according to the AOCS methods, was carried out. All the analyses were performed in triplicate.…”

“…To obtain fatty acid profiles, derivatization with methanolic boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) was carried out using the methodology reported by Lozano-Garzón and Cardona Jaramillo [12,14]. The analysis was conducted utilizing an Agilent 7890B Gas Chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID).…”

“…An analysis of phytosterols was carried out according to the methodology outlined by Lozano-Garzón [12]. This involved obtaining the unsaponifiable fraction, followed by derivatization using N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with trimethylchlorosilane (BSFTA + TMCS) and pyridine.…”

Hyperspectral identification of oil adulteration using machine learning techniques

“…Various detection methods, including physical and chemical tests ( Heuscher et al, 2005 ), gas chromatography ( Abed and Khairy, 2023 ), and high performance liquid chromatography ( Abed et al, 2023 ), have been explored but are often time-consuming, costly ( Portarena et al, 2019 ), and not universally effective. In response to these challenges, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) emerges as a promising solution, combining spectral and spatial information analysis with machine learning (ML) algorithms for rapid and accurate detection of various oil adulterants ( Lozano-Garzón et al, 2023 ; Choudhary et al, 2020 ).…”