Abstract:Smoking greatly reduces life expectancy in both men and women, but with different patterns of morbidity. After adjusting for smoking history, women have higher risk of respiratory effects and diabetes from smoking, while men show greater mortality from smoking-related cancers. While many smoking-related sex differences have been documented, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To date, identification of sex differences in response to smoking has been limited to a small number of studies… Show more
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