Comprehensive Assessment of Polymeric Materials for Foundry Tooling Used in Microwave Field

Stachowicz, M.; Opyd, B.; Granat, K.

doi:10.1515/amm-2015-0055

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is affected by temperature, packing degree, humidity, and the conductivity of materials [1]. In the case of moulding sand with sodium silicate the electrical permittivity is also considerably affected by the packing degree of moulding sand [13]. The relative electrical permittivity of liquids and solids ranges from 1 to 100.…”

Section: Microwave Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter specifies the electrical properties of the environment as it describes the macroscopic properties of the dielectric in the electric field at various frequencies. In a number of research centres of world renown it became the research focus of investigations into sands and clays used as grains in the moulding or core sand [3][4][5][6][7] and into sand-based mixtures [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Microwave Penetration Depth on the Process of Heating the Moulding Sand with Sodium Silicate

Nowak¹

2017

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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This paper presents the impact of microwave penetration depth on the process of heating the moulding sand with sodium silicate. For each material it is affected by: the wavelength in vacuum and the real and imaginary components of the relative complex electrical permittivity ε r for a selected measurement frequency. Since the components are not constant values and they change depending on the electrical parameters of materials and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, it is indispensable to carry out laboratory measurements to determine them. Moreover, the electrical parameters of materials are also affected by: temperature, packing degree, humidity and conductivity. The measurements of the dielectric properties of moulding sand with sodium silicate was carried out using the perturbation method on a stand of waveguide resonance cavity. The real and imaginary components of the relative complex electrical permittivity was determined for moulding sand at various contents of sodium silicate and at various packing degrees of the samples. On the basis of the results the microwave penetration depth of moulding sand with sodium silicate was established. Relative literature contains no such data that would be essential to predicting an effective process of microwave heating of moulding sand with sodium silicate. Both the packing degree and the amount of sodium silicate in moulding sand turned out to affect the penetration depth, which directly translates into microwave power density distribution in the process of microwave heating of moulding sand with sodium silicate.

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Section: Microwave Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Microwave Penetration Depth on the Process of Heating the Moulding Sand with Sodium Silicate

Nowak¹

2017

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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“…In his work, X. Zhou and J. Yang have shown that thermally cured starch-based binders can replace furfuryl-based binders and that the quality of the inner surfaces of castings is very good at significantly reduced production costs. In addition, there are conducted tests to use polymers as auxiliary materials for use in the construction of foundry tools for drying and/or hardening of sand moulds and cores in the microwave field [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Binder BioCo3 with Silicates and its Application to Microwave-Cured Moulding Sand

Grabowska

Kaczmarska

Bobrowski

et al. 2017

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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The effects of silica additive (Poraver) on selected properties of BioCo3 binder in form of an aqueous poly(sodium acrylate) and dextrin (PAANa/D) binder were determined. Based on the results of the thermoanalytical studies (TG-DTG, FTIR, Py-GC/MS), it was found that the silica additive results in the increase of the thermostability of the BioCo3 binder and its contribution does not affect the increase in the level of emissions of organic destruction products. Compounds from group of aromatic hydrocarbons are only generated in the third set temperature range (420-838°C). The addition of silicate into the moulding sand with BioCo3 causes also the formation of a hydrogen bonds network with its share in the microwave radiation field and they are mainly responsible for maintaining the cross-linked structures in the mineral matrix system. As a consequence, the microwave curing process in the presence of Poraver leads to improved strength properties of the moulding sand (Rum). The addition of Poraver's silica to moulding sand did not alter the permeability of the moulding sand samples, and consequently reduced their friability. Microstructure investigations (SEM) of microwave-cured samples have confirmed that heterogeneous sand grains are bonded to one another through a binder film (bridges).

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Influence of wet activation of used inorganic binder on cyclically refreshed water glass moulding sands hardened by microwaves

Stachowicz

Granat

2016

China Foundry

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Influence of wet activation of used inorganic binder on cyclically refreshed water glass moulding sands hardened by microwaves * M a t eu s z S t a c h ow i c z Sodi um si l i c at e ( i . e. w at er-g l ass) , an i norg ani c b i nder ap p l i ed i n f oundry i ndust ry, i s c h arac t eri sed b y l ow c ost and l ow h arm f ul ness. H ow ever, i t h as c onsi derab l e di sadvant ag es suc h as p oor k noc k i ng -out p rop ert i es [ 1 ] , t oug h c ast i ng c l eani ng w i t h used m oul di ng sand and difficult waste sand reclamation. It is hard to find examples in literature concerning the ef f ec t i ve rec l am at i on of w at er-g l ass m oul di ng sands, w h i c h c an ac t i vat e t h e w ast e b i nder and rest ore t h ei r Abstract: The paper presents the research results of using an innovative method to reclaim the waste moulding sands containing water glass. Two of the examined processes are connected with "dry" or "wet" activation of inorganic binder in waste moulding sand mixtures physically hardened by microwave radiation. The sand mixtures consisting of high-silica sand and water-glass with average molar module 2.5, were subjected to the following cyclical process: mixing the components, compacting, microwave heating, cooling-down, thermally loading the mould to 800 °C, cooling-down to ambient temperature, and knocking-out. After being knocked-out, the waste moulding sands were subjected to either dry or wet activation of the binder. To activate thermally treated inorganic binder, each of the examined processes employed the surface phenomenon usually associated to mechanical reclamation. The study also covered possible use of some elements of wet reclamation to rehydrate waste binder. To evaluate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods of waste binder activation, selected strength and technological parameters were measured. After each subsequent processing cycle, the permeability, tensile strength and bending strength were determined. In addition, the surface of activated sand grains was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Analysis of the results indicates that it is possible to re-activate the used binder such as sodium silicate, and to stabilize the strength parameters in both activation processes. Permeability of the refreshed moulding sands strongly depends on the surface condition of high-silica grains. The wet activation process by wetting and buffering knocked-out moulding sands in closed humid environment makes it possible to reduce the content of refreshing additive in water-glass. The moulding sands cyclically prepared in both processes do not require the addition of fresh high-silica sand. The relatively high quality achieved in the refreshed moulding sands allows them to be reused for manufacture of next moulds. Thus, the two proposed methods for cyclically processing used moulding sands containing sodium silicate, subject to microwave hardening, are suitable for economic and ecological circulation moulding mixtures.

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Comprehensive Assessment of Polymeric Materials for Foundry Tooling Used in Microwave Field

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

The Impact of Microwave Penetration Depth on the Process of Heating the Moulding Sand with Sodium Silicate

The Impact of Microwave Penetration Depth on the Process of Heating the Moulding Sand with Sodium Silicate

Polymer Binder BioCo3 with Silicates and its Application to Microwave-Cured Moulding Sand

Influence of wet activation of used inorganic binder on cyclically refreshed water glass moulding sands hardened by microwaves

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