Comprehensive assessment of oil degradation patterns in petrol and diesel engines observed in a field test with passenger cars – Conventional oil analysis and fuel dilution

Agocs, Adam; Nagy, Á.; Tabakov, Zsolt Miklós; Perger, József; Rohde-Brandenburger, Jan; Schandl, Michael; Besser, Charlotte; Dörr, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107079

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, a strong resemblance can be found between A4.212 and multiple in-use samples with around 7000 km mileage. As presented in [11], a fuel dilution of around 3.7 m% was found in selected samples of short-range vehicles. Furthermore, it was shown in a simple dilution experiment [27] that mixing 3.7 m% RON 95 gasoline into the reference oil results in comparable kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values to the corresponding properties of a selected in-use sample with identical dilution.…”

Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A comprehensive field experiment was conducted on a passenger car fleet of 12 vehicles in order to gain a better understanding of in-use engine oil aging. Detailed findings regarding used engine oil chemistry have been published in an extensive research article [11], therefore will only be presented very briefly. The fundamentals of the fleet study are described in Section 2.3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As detailed in [11], principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify the main contributing factors and visualize relations between collected samples. A similar approach was taken to incorporate artificially aged samples into the analysis and determine the suitability of the aging procedure and apparatus for simulating in-vehicle engine oil degradation.…”

Section: Fleet Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 221 kW derivate in general has improved oil cooling and a slightly higher oil charge compared to a 155 kW derivate, in order to avoid overloading the lubricant. It is known from [11] that incorporating soot and wear metal content into the PCA leads to a clear separation of diesel vehicles. These were ignored in the current study, since the presented aging method is incapable of producing such properties.…”

Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the differences between in-use and artificial samples in terms of PC2, viscosity index and kinematic viscosity can be explained by contrasting boundary conditions in the fuel dilution process for the artificial and real-life scenarios. In order to simulate the accumulation of fuel in the lubricant and the resulting change in viscosity, values of A4.112 and A4.212 were offset by a factor of 1.1 [11] for viscosity index and 0.75 [11] for kinematic viscosity at 40 • C. The resulting simulated values are plotted in Figures 11 and 12, labeled as SIM.112 and SIM.212. The simulated higher permanent dilution-i.e., fuel administered after the aging, thus not evaporated due to the thermal load-reduces viscosity and improves viscosity index.…”

Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

2021

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This study highlights how the results from an artificial engine oil aging method compare to used engine oil samples collected from a vehicle fleet. Additionally, this paper presents the effect of contaminating the oil during aging with synthetic fuel alternatives on the physical and chemical properties of artificially aged engine oil samples. A laboratory-scale artificial thermo-oxidative aging experiment was conducted on multiple samples of commercially available formulated fully-synthetic SAE 0W-30 engine oil. The goal of the experiment was to establish the validity of the artificially aged samples as well as the validity of the underlying process in reproducibly fabricating small batches of aged engine oil with comparable chemical and physical properties to real-life used oils. Eight samples were subjected to distinct load cases (temperature, air flow rate, sample volume and aging time). Six additional samples were subjected to an intermediate load case, with five of them contaminated with selected conventional fuels and novel automotive fuel candidates. Conventional oil analysis was conducted on each sample to determine oxidation, residual additive content, kinematic viscosity and total base number. Additionally, analysis results were compared to in-use engine oil samples through PCA. The resulting oil condition after aging is in accordance with independently published results in terms of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate content and kinematic viscosity. Contaminated aging with OME 3-5 resulted in a drop in antioxidant content and elevated kinematic viscosity. Based on the comparison with in-use samples, artificial aging of 200 mL engine oil at 180 °C with 1 L/min air flow for 96 h can produce similar oil conditions as mixed vehicle use for 7000 km.

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Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fleet Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Oil Chemistry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

2021

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A multilevel multiobjective coordination matching design technique for the main bearing assembly structure of a diesel engine

Zhao,

Shi,

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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The main bearing assembly structure is one of the most important main load‐bearing structures of a diesel engine. The working loads of this structure increases dramatically with the increase of the power density of diesel engines, resulting in the problem of unsatisfactory reliability coordination design in restricted design space, while the mechanisms for coordinated design are still at the blank stage. Aiming at the problem, a multilevel multiobjective coordination matching design technique is innovatively proposed in this paper. This technique is characterized by a multilevel multiobjective coordination evaluation system for the assembly structure and its components based on the improved analytic hierarchy process. The finite element model and mathematical model of the main bearing assembly structure are established to realize the joint of finite element technology and optimization technology for coordination matching design. By carrying out verification experiments, the strength coordination, deformation coordination and contact strength coordination of the assembly structure increase by 13.91%, 14.96%, and 2.63%, respectively, after matching design, while the mass coordination remains almost constant meeting the lightweight design requirements. The overall coordination of the main bearing assembly structure is improved by 11.10%, achieving the goal of matching design of the main bearing assembly structure. The results show that the coordination evaluation system can quantitatively characterize the coordination relationship of the assembly structure and the multi‐reliability of components, and it is a feasible coordination evaluation method. The demonstrated coordination evaluation system and coordination matching design modeling approach provide important theoretical guidance for the matching design of complex assembly structures.

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A response coordination design technology for the main loaded structures of the internal combustion engines based on NSEHO

Zhao,

Shi,

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Response coordination design becomes an inevitable trend based on the multidisciplinary optimization design (MOD) in the development of the design for complex mechanical structures. Aiming at the problem of unclear mechanism of response coordination for main loaded structures, a response coordination design technology characterized by a response coordination evaluation system is proposed based on an analytic hierarchy process. In addition, a nondominated sorting elephant herding optimization (NSEHO) algorithm is proposed by introducing the Pareto optimization theory into elephant herding optimization and combining fixed‐sized candidate set adaptive random testing algorithm to overcome inherent limitations of the traditional algorithm in response coordination design. Taking the main bearing assembly structure as an example, the response coordination design is conducted based on the proposed technology and NSEHO algorithm. The response coordination design scheme of the main bearing assembly structure is experimentally verified. The results show that the Pareto frontier of NSEHO is smoother and is closer to the real Pareto frontier compared to NSGA‐II in condition of small population size and restricted iteration generations, revealing the advancement of the solving ability of NSEHO. The coordination coefficients of strength, stiffness, contact strength, and mass of the main bearing assembly structure are increased by 13.91%, 14.96%, 2.63%, and 0.07%, respectively, and the overall coordination coefficient are increased by 11.10%. The indicators of strength, stiffness, and contact strength of the response coordination scheme are better than those of the original scheme by experimental verification, demonstrating the effectiveness of the response coordination design technology. The proposed technology reveals the response coordination mechanism of the main loaded structures of internal combustion engines and provides an important guiding significance to MOD for complex mechanical structures.

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Comprehensive assessment of oil degradation patterns in petrol and diesel engines observed in a field test with passenger cars – Conventional oil analysis and fuel dilution

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

Artificial Aging Experiments of Neat and Contaminated Engine Oil Samples

A multilevel multiobjective coordination matching design technique for the main bearing assembly structure of a diesel engine

A response coordination design technology for the main loaded structures of the internal combustion engines based on NSEHO

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