Comprehensive Assessment of Endothelium-Dependent Mediators in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Abstract

The aim of study is to evaluate the levels of endothelium-dependent mediators: endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and circulating soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The study included 255 patients with AMI, who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of concomitant type 2 DM: 1 group — 143 patients with concomitant type 2 DM; 2 group — 112 patients without concomitant disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. Studied endothelial-dependent indicators were investigated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical data were processed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, quantitative variables were described by the following parameters: median (Me), 25th and 75th percentiles (Q1; Q3). Analyzing the studied indicators on admission of patients to the hospital, a statistically significant decrease in NOS levels (p < 0,01), as well as an increase in PAI-1 (p < 0,01) and sCD40L (p < 0,01) in the cohort of patients with AMI and concomitant type 2 DM compared with patients without disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. This indicates a more significant violation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, thrombin fibrinolysis and activation of intravascular inflammation caused by comorbidity. Over the next 10 days, an increase in NOS levels, a decrease in PAI-1 and sCD40L levels were observed in patients of both groups, indicating a gradual improvement of the endothelial function. However, in patients with AMI and concomitant type 2 DM, the levels of the studied endothelium-dependent mediators continued to differ statistically even on the 10th day after acute occlusion of the coronary artery. In our opinion, this tendency is caused by the negative impact of metabolicdisorders associated with type 2 DM on the endothelium of the coronary arteries in patients with insulin resistance and, apparently, may increase the risk of complications of AMI.