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This article deals with the problem of clayey sludge utilization of diamondiferous ore enrichment. Thickening of saponite sludge by means of chemical treatment is currently considered as the most effective way to clarify the volume of water sufficient to maintain the recycling water supply of the enterprise and, as a consequence, to reduce the volume of additional water introduced into the process. The authors propose a new coagulant for settling saponite sludge - sodium sulfate mixture, which is a by-product of aluminum production. The use of sodosulfate mixture will reduce the amount of waste for both the diamond mining plant's concentrator and the alumina production. The question of the mechanism of interaction of saponite sludge particles with the proposed reagent is considered. The aim of the research is to find physical and chemical regularities of interaction of clayey slime particles with sodosulfate mixture. Chemical and mineral composition of used raw materials, surface charge of clay particles, granulometric composition of experimental samples and their electrokinetic potential were determined in the work. The results of the studies showed that the mineral composition of the clay slurry includes the following minerals: saponite, kaolin, serpentine, beidelite, dolomite. The surface charge of clay particles is negative. The chemical composition of the soda-sulfate mixture is represented in the form of oxides: Na2O, SO3, CO2, Al2O3. The dependence of the electrokinetic potential on the mass of the mineral additive introduced into the slurry was revealed. It was noted that the absolute value of ζ-potential remains above 30 mV despite increasing the concentration of the additive, but coagulation of clay particles occurs and the system in question loses sedimentation stability at a concentration of sodium sulfate mixture of 14.4 g/l.
This article deals with the problem of clayey sludge utilization of diamondiferous ore enrichment. Thickening of saponite sludge by means of chemical treatment is currently considered as the most effective way to clarify the volume of water sufficient to maintain the recycling water supply of the enterprise and, as a consequence, to reduce the volume of additional water introduced into the process. The authors propose a new coagulant for settling saponite sludge - sodium sulfate mixture, which is a by-product of aluminum production. The use of sodosulfate mixture will reduce the amount of waste for both the diamond mining plant's concentrator and the alumina production. The question of the mechanism of interaction of saponite sludge particles with the proposed reagent is considered. The aim of the research is to find physical and chemical regularities of interaction of clayey slime particles with sodosulfate mixture. Chemical and mineral composition of used raw materials, surface charge of clay particles, granulometric composition of experimental samples and their electrokinetic potential were determined in the work. The results of the studies showed that the mineral composition of the clay slurry includes the following minerals: saponite, kaolin, serpentine, beidelite, dolomite. The surface charge of clay particles is negative. The chemical composition of the soda-sulfate mixture is represented in the form of oxides: Na2O, SO3, CO2, Al2O3. The dependence of the electrokinetic potential on the mass of the mineral additive introduced into the slurry was revealed. It was noted that the absolute value of ζ-potential remains above 30 mV despite increasing the concentration of the additive, but coagulation of clay particles occurs and the system in question loses sedimentation stability at a concentration of sodium sulfate mixture of 14.4 g/l.
Obtaining and production of metals from natural raw materials causes a large amount of liquid, solid, and gaseous wastes of various hazard classes that have a negative impact on the environment. In the production of titanium dioxide from ilmenite concentrate, hydrolytic sulphuric acid is formed, which includes various metal cations, their main part is iron (III) and titanium (IV) cations. Hydrolytic acid waste is sent to acid storage facilities, which have a high environmental load. The article describes the technology of ion exchange wastewater treatment of acid storage facility from iron (III) and titanium (IV) cations, which form compounds with sulphate ions and components of organic waste in acidic environments. These compounds are subjected to dispersion and dust loss during the evaporation of a water technogenic facility, especially in summer season. Sorption of complex iron (III) cations [FeSO4]+ and titanyl cations TiO2+ from sulphuric acid solutions on cation exchange resins KU-2-8, Puromet MTS9580, and Puromet MTS9560 was studied. Sorption isotherms were obtained both for individual [FeSO4]+ and TiO2+ cations and in the joint presence. The values of the equilibrium constants at a temperature of 298 K and the changes in the Gibbs energy are estimated. The capacitive characteristics of the sorbent were determined for individual cations and in the joint presence.
Growing productivity of mining and processing enterprises entails an increase in the volumes of liquid tailings impoundments and upstream impoundments of ore processing waste. Enterprises face the challenge of minimizing the environmental impact of waste and guaranteeing the sanitary and epidemiological safety of population. The article presents a possibility of recycling one type of such waste (clay-containing concentration tailings of apatite-nepheline and sylvinite ores, coal beneficiation tailings) by using them after preliminary thermochemical treatment as pozzolanic additives to cements and concretes, including concrete mixtures used for soil stabilization, development of territories, reclamation of mine workings, as a component of the insulating layer of landfills for the disposal of municipal solid waste. An analysis of the phase changes of kaolinite, one of the main minerals that make up clay-containing waste, in the temperature range of 200-1,000 °С showed that a change in its mineral form during heat treatment is the main factor in changing its pozzolanic activity. The effect of heat treatment of clay minerals at temperature of 700-800 °C on their pozzolanic activity, estimated by the ability to absorb calcium hydroxide (0.7 g Ca(OH)2 per 1 g of modified kaolinite), is considered. It is shown that the addition of heat-treated samples (20 % by weight) improves the quality of cement increasing its activity by 15 %, in comparison with the use of unmodified clay minerals. It was proved experimentally that partial replacement of Portland cement with thermally modified kaolinite increases the strength of consolidating stowing mixture by up to 15 %. This approach to processing of ores containing layered silicates, which provides for thermochemical modification of run-of-mine ore, intensifies the processes of tailings thickening and filtering.
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