Comprehensive approach to increased pedestrian safety in pedestrian-to-car accidents

Koch, Werner; Howard, Mark

doi:10.1007/bf03224576

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In order to minimize the effect of these injuries, various collision-absorbing components such as compliant bumpers, pop-up bonnets, and windscreen airbags are suggested. Ford and Volvo research laboratories have developed the use a finite element model of a pedestrian to simulate accidents [51]. Such models help in predicting the effects of collision and in improving the vehicle design to minimize these effects.…”

Section: B Passive Safety Systems Involving Vehicle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges

Gandhi

Trivedi

2007

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

475

250

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This paper describes the recent research on the enhancement of pedestrian safety to help develop a better understanding of the nature, issues, approaches, and challenges surrounding the problem. It presents a comprehensive review of research efforts underway dealing with pedestrian safety and collision avoidance. The importance of pedestrian protection is emphasized in a global context, discussing the research programs and efforts in various countries. Pedestrian safety measures, including infrastructure enhancements and passive safety features in vehicles, are described, followed by a systematic description of active safety systems based on pedestrian detection using sensors in vehicle and infrastructure. The pedestrian detection approaches are classified according to various criteria such as the type and configuration of sensors, as well as the video cues and classifiers used in detection algorithms. It is noted that collision avoidance not only requires detection of pedestrians but also requires collision prediction using pedestrian dynamics and behavior analysis. Hence, this paper includes research dealing with probabilistic modeling of pedestrian behavior for predicting collisions between pedestrians and vehicles.

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Section: B Passive Safety Systems Involving Vehicle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges

Gandhi

Trivedi

2007

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

475

250

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Outstanding results are emerging in each of these fields of research, but the improvements increase greatly when a multidisciplinary approach is taken. Previous works like Nagatomy et al (2005) or Shin et al (2008) integrate finite element models (FEM) and crash simulations during the design process for secondary safety systems; others like Koch and Howard (2005) and Yang et al (2005) combine the analysis of real-world accidents with FEM models to run reconstructions and measure the severity of pedestrian injuries, or in the case of Simms and Wood (2006), to compare the crashworthiness of different types of vehicles. All of these works combine the use of FEM models with complementary applications, but due to their complexity, these models run into limitations when the number of iterative simulations rises too high.…”

Section: Virtual Reconstruction Of Real Accidentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate modeling of pedestrian fatality risk through on the spot accident investigation

Badea

Furones

Páez

et al. 2010

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Pedestrians are the most vulnerable users of public roads and represent one of the largest groups of road casualties; their death rate around the world due to vehicle-pedestrian collisions is high and tending to rise. In Spain, as in other countries of the European Union, steps have been taken to reduce the number and consequences of such accidents, with encouraging results in recent years. A key to countering this concern is the accident research activity that has obtained remarkable achievements in different fields, especially when multidisciplinary approaches are taken. This paper describes the development of a multivariate model that is able to detect the most influential parameters on the consequences of vehiclepedestrian collision and to quantify their impact on pedestrian fatality risk. First, an accident database containing detailed information and parameters of vehicle-pedestrian collisions in Madrid has been developed. The accidents were investigated on the spot by INSIA accident investigation teams and analyzed using advanced reconstruction techniques. The model was then developed with two components: (1) a classification tree that characterizes and selects the explanatory variables, identifying their interactions, and (2) a binary logistic regression to quantify the influence of each variable and interaction resulting from the classification tree. The whole model represents an important tool for identifying, quantifying and predicting the potential impact of measures aimed at reducing injuries in vehicle-pedestrian collisions.

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“…The second approach, passive safety systems, has led to known improvements. This research direction is often known as improving safety through design, and an example of this would be protecting a pedestrian’s head in the case of a crash [ 3 ]. This kind of approach has been popular and has shown promising results for automobiles, but applying it to heavy machines has met various practical problems as a consequence of their various sizes and complicated shapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision-Based People Detection System for Heavy Machine Applications

Frémont

Bui

Boukerroui

et al. 2016

Sensors

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This paper presents a vision-based people detection system for improving safety in heavy machines. We propose a perception system composed of a monocular fisheye camera and a LiDAR. Fisheye cameras have the advantage of a wide field-of-view, but the strong distortions that they create must be handled at the detection stage. Since people detection in fisheye images has not been well studied, we focus on investigating and quantifying the impact that strong radial distortions have on the appearance of people, and we propose approaches for handling this specificity, adapted from state-of-the-art people detection approaches. These adaptive approaches nevertheless have the drawback of high computational cost and complexity. Consequently, we also present a framework for harnessing the LiDAR modality in order to enhance the detection algorithm for different camera positions. A sequential LiDAR-based fusion architecture is used, which addresses directly the problem of reducing false detections and computational cost in an exclusively vision-based system. A heavy machine dataset was built, and different experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system. The results are promising, in terms of both processing speed and performance.

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Comprehensive approach to increased pedestrian safety in pedestrian-to-car accidents

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges

Pedestrian Protection Systems: Issues, Survey, and Challenges

Multivariate modeling of pedestrian fatality risk through on the spot accident investigation

Vision-Based People Detection System for Heavy Machine Applications

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