Comprehensive Application Technology of Bauxite Residue Treatment in the Ecological Environment: A Review

Chao, Xi; Zhang, Ting‐an; Lv, Guozhi; Yang, Chen; Li, Xiaofei; Yang, Xiaohong

doi:10.1007/s00128-022-03478-7

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Annual production of alumina in 2020 was over 133 million tons, resulting in the generation of over 175 million tons of RM [ 6 ]. Because of this large production and the material’s high alkalinity (pH of 10.5–12.5) caused by an elevated Na content and high concentrations of potentially toxic metals [ 7 , 8 ] and potential leaching (groundwater, surface waters, soils, and ocean ecosystems), it can pose a significant environmental hazard if not stored properly. Its storage is a critical environmental problem [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium

Barbosa,

Nelson,

Paconio

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Red mud (RM) is composed of a waste alkaline solution (pH = 13.3) obtained from the production of alumina. It contains high concentrations of hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (FeOOH), gibbsite [Al(OH)3], a boehmite (AlOOH), anatase (Tetragonal–TiO2), rutile (Ditetragonal dipyramidal–TiO2), hydrogarnets [Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x], quartz (SiO2), and perovskite (CaTiO3). It was shown to be an excellent catalytic mixture for biodiesel production. To demonstrate the value of RM, an environmentally friendly process of transesterification in aqueous medium using waste cooking oil (WCO), MeOH, and waste alkaline solution (WAS) obtained from aluminum production was proposed. Triglycerides of WCO reacted with MeOH at 60 °C to yield mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 0.019% (w/w) WAS/WCO using the WAS (0.204 mol L−1, predetermined by potentiometric titration) from aluminum production by the Bayer process. The use of the new catalyst (WAS) resulted in a high yield of the products (greater than 99% yield).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium

Barbosa,

Nelson,

Paconio

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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“…This by-product is characterized as a highly alkaline [2] and toxic material known as bauxite residue. Bauxite residue is known by several other names, including ferrosilt [3], bauxaline [4], red oxide sand bauxsol [5], Bayer process residue [6], bauxite tailings [7], cajunite [8] and alkaline waste product. As a result, the alumina industry faces a massive difficulty for its proper disposal which might be a challenging task for the entire world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About one part of bauxite residue is eliminated as waste formed after the manufacture of every part of alumina, produced by this traditional method for years [10]. The substantially expanding amount of bauxite residue in storage sites focuses on the need for appropriate remediation measures to regulate the environmental consequences of metallurgical processes and contribute to the industry's long-term profitability [6]. Bauxite residue or red sludge has just a few uses in construction materials, land reclamation, and pavement so far [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospects of Tree Species in Bioremediation of Bauxite Residue

Rawat,

Yadav,

Dubey

2023

AJRAF

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Red mud or bauxite residue is a highly alkaline toxic by-product that is generated during the production of aluminum by Bayer’s process. Around 1.5 tons of bauxite residues are produced for generating 1 ton of alumina. The toxicity of bauxite residue is a major catastrophe due to its disposal management as it limits the growth of plant species because of high alkalinity and salinity. In the present study, bioprospects carried through the cyanobacterial strains (viz. Phormidium and Oscillatoria) with the planting of tree species have potentially shown successful outputs on the physical and chemical attributes of bauxite residue. The cyanobacterial strains were combined along with the microbial cultures of VAM (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza) and PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria) to enhance root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, and chlorophyll content. The inoculated seeds of a few plant species namely, Siamese cassia, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex. Benth., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex DC., Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)., and Prosopis juliflora var. juliflora were raised to study the effect of bioremediation of bauxite residue for revegetation. Further, we also found that S. cassia, A. auriculiformis, D. sissoo, P. dulce, and P. juliflora var. juliflora thrived well on the amended bauxite residue with other useful inoculums.

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“…Approximately 4 billion tons of RM are stored worldwide, and the amount is increasing with the rate of 120 million tons per annum (Wang et al, 2019 ; Khanna et al, 2022 ). RM presents a potential hazard to groundwater, surface waters, soils, as well as ocean ecosystems, due to its high alkalinity (caused by an elevated Na content) and high concentrations of potentially toxic metals (Wang et al, 2019 ; Chao et al, 2022 ). In addition, due to its fine particle size, RM can cause dust hazards, affecting the surrounding and downwind areas (Klauber et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient dealkalization of red mud and recovery of valuable metals by a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium

et al. 2022

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Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline polymetallic waste generated via the Bayer process during alumina production. It contains metals that are critical for a sustainable development of modern society. Due to a shortage of global resources of many metals, efficient large-scale processing of RM has been receiving increasing attention from both researchers and industry. This study investigated the solubilization of metals from RM, together with RM dealkalization, via sulfur (S0) oxidation catalyzed by the moderately thermophilic bacterium Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. Optimization of the bioleaching process was conducted in shake flasks and 5-L bioreactors, with varying S0:RM mass ratios and aeration rates. The ICP analysis was used to monitor the concentrations of dissolved elements from RM, and solid residues were analyzed for surface morphology, phase composition, and Na distribution using the SEM, XRD, and STXM techniques, respectively. The results show that highest metal recoveries (89% of Al, 84% of Ce, and 91% of Y) were achieved with the S0:RM mass ratio of 2:1 and aeration rate of 1 L/min. Additionally, effective dealkalization of RM was achieved under the above conditions, based on the high rates (>95%) of Na, K, and Ca dissolution. This study proves the feasibility of using bacterially catalyzed S0 oxidation to simultaneously dealkalize RM and efficiently extract valuable metals from the amassing industrial waste.

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Comprehensive Application Technology of Bauxite Residue Treatment in the Ecological Environment: A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium

Environmentally Friendly New Catalyst Using Waste Alkaline Solution from Aluminum Production for the Synthesis of Biodiesel in Aqueous Medium

Bioprospects of Tree Species in Bioremediation of Bauxite Residue

Efficient dealkalization of red mud and recovery of valuable metals by a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium

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