Comprehensive analysis of venom from the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus reveals compounds with antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and insecticidal activities

Valdez-Velázquez, Laura Leticia; Romero-Gutiérrez, Teresa; Delgado‐Enciso, Iván; Dobrovinskaya, Oxana; Melnikov, Valery; Quintero-Hernández, Verónica; Ceballos‐Magaña, Silvia G.; Gaitan-Hinojosa, M. A.; Coronas, Fredy I.V.; Puebla-Pérez, Ana Marı́a; Zamudio, Fernando Z.; Cruz-García, I. De La; Vázquez‐Vuelvas, Oscar F.; Soriano-Hernández, Alejandro D.; Possani, Lourival D.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.046

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Further, for enhancing its action on cancer cells its physical mixture (CTX + Onc) was prepared by conjugating it to a onconase. At high dose this CTX-Onc showed better anti-tumor effect than simple toxin [174]. Similar cytotoxic potential is also reported in Centruroides tecomanus chlorotoxin [175].…”

Section: Chlorotoxin (Ctx)-targeted Nanoparticles Therapysupporting

confidence: 82%

Use of Animal Venom Peptides/Toxins in Cancer Therapeutics

Upadhyay

2018

CTBEB

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Animal venoms possess variety of toxins/proteins/peptides which act as ionic channel inhibitors and target vital physiological processes. Toxin peptides isolated from honey bee, wasp and scorpion show membrane binding, growth inhibition and strong cytolytic properties. These also inhibit angiogenesis and induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in melanoma cells through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway protecting the experimental animals against tumor development. These toxin peptides exert cytotoxic effects on human oral cancer cells by inducting apoptosis via a p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These can be used as cancer therapeutic agents by loading them in liposomes. This lead to increase in their target specificity against cancer cells, shorten cell survival, and produce higher reactive oxygen species (ROS), and does enhancement in the number of apoptotic cells. In addition, toxins enhance G0/G1 enrichment upon treatment of cancer cells. Further, encapsulated honey bee, wasp and scorpion venoms exert much potent anti-cancer effect on many cancer cells lines.Upon slight chemical modifications animal toxins could gear up higher selectivity, show much improved target specificity and lesser toxic effects because of charge optimization. After their improvement they show superiority over the conventional chemical drugs as an increase in net charge of the peptide, its hydrophobicity and anionicity and fluidity of the target cell membranes. It primarily imparts effect through biophysical interaction with the target cell membrane. Toxin peptides are best candidate as they selectively target malignant gliomas and play significant role in GBM immunotherapy. Venom toxins/peptides are good natural sources of compounds/molecules which could act as prototype or template which can be used for development of new therapeutic agents and best tools for diagnosis of not only for cancer but also for other diseases.

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Section: Chlorotoxin (Ctx)-targeted Nanoparticles Therapysupporting

confidence: 82%

Use of Animal Venom Peptides/Toxins in Cancer Therapeutics

Upadhyay

2018

CTBEB

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“…Treatment of Jurkat cells with PPF, however, proportionately increased Jurkat cell viability. Similar results using an antimicrobial/insecticidal agent had previously been shown with Jurkat cells and HeLa cells exposed to scorpion venom [15]. Increasing concentrations of PPF followed by VSV infection does not interfere with HeLa cell viability.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We have tested the effects of PPF on viability of: (a) primary human placental trophoblasts, which play a critical role as a physical barrier against teratogenic virus transmission [12,13]; (b) HeLa cell line, derived from uterine epithelial tissue, which is affected by viruses and can utilize non-conventional cell-to-cell transmission [14] and (c) Jurkat cell line, derived from human lymphocytes (T-cells), which was chosen due to its importance as immune system mediator and due to previously shown resistance to toxic/insecticidal compounds [15]. Cells were infected with a prototypical virus, the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) at MOI of 1.0 for viability assays and at MOI of 0.001 for immunostaining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pyriproxyfen on virus behavior: implications for pesticide-induced virulence and mechanism of transmission

Waziry

Raja

Salmon

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background: More than 3 years since the last Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil, researchers are still deciphering the molecular mechanisms of neurovirulence and vertical transmission, as well as the best way to control spread of ZIKV, a flavivirus. The use of pesticides was the main strategy of mosquito control during the last ZIKV outbreak. Methods: We used vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as our prototypical virus to study the impact of insecticide pyriproxyfen (PPF). VZV-GFP infected and uninfected Jurkat, HeLa and trophoblast cells were treated with PPF and compared to untreated cells (control). Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cell morphology, presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs), virus infection/GFP expression as well as active mitochondrial levels/localization were examined by confocal microscopy. Results: PPF, which was used to control mosquito populations in Brazil prior to the ZIKV outbreak, enhances VSV replication and has cell membrane-altering properties in the presence of virus. PPF causes enhanced viral replication and formation of large EVs, loaded with virus as well as mitochondria. Treatment of trophoblasts or HeLa cells with increasing concentrations of PPF does not alter cell viability, however, it proportionately increases Jurkat cell viability. Increasing concentrations of PPF followed by VSV infection does not interfere with HeLa cell viability. Both Jurkats and trophoblasts show proportionately increased cell death with increased concentrations of PPF in the presence of virus. Conclusions: We hypothesize that PPF disrupts the lipid microenvironment of mammalian cells, thereby interfering with pathways of viral replication. PPF lowers viability of trophoblasts and Jurkats in the presence of VSV, implying that the combination renders immune system impairment in infected individuals as well as enhanced vulnerability of fetuses towards viral vertical transmission. We hypothesize that similar viruses such as ZIKV may be vertically transmitted via EV-to-cell contact when exposed to PPF, thereby bypassing immune detection. The impact of pesticides on viral replication must be fully investigated before large scale use in future outbreaks of mosquito borne viruses.

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“…The venom of venomous animals represents a rich source of substances of therapeutic interest, such as AMPs, neurotoxins, defensins, antiepileptic peptides and ion-specific toxins amongst others (Zhu, Peigneur, et al 2014, Valdez-Velazquéz et al 2016. Antibacterial properties of venoms had been suspected for many years, with the first reports of these venom properties emerging in 1948 and 1968 from species of Elapidae and Viperidae snakes (de Lima et al 2005, de Latour et al 2010.…”

Section: Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, scorpions have been traditionally used in medicine in Asia and Africa since the emergence of ancient cultures. (Ortiz et al 2015) The isolation and chemical and functional characterisation of scorpion venom is expected to lead to the discovery of new molecules of therapeutic interest (Valdez-Velazquéz et al 2016).…”

Section: Scorpion Venommentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides from Venom: Structure, Function and Toxicity

Rawson¹

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Comprehensive analysis of venom from the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus reveals compounds with antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and insecticidal activities

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Use of Animal Venom Peptides/Toxins in Cancer Therapeutics

Use of Animal Venom Peptides/Toxins in Cancer Therapeutics

Impact of pyriproxyfen on virus behavior: implications for pesticide-induced virulence and mechanism of transmission

Antimicrobial Peptides from Venom: Structure, Function and Toxicity

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