Comprehensive analysis of the role of ICOS ( CD278 ) in pan-cancer prognosis and immunotherapy

Abstract

Background The immunological checkpoint known as Inducible T Cell Costimulatory Factor (ICOS, Cluster of Differentiation, CD278) is activated and expressed on T cells. Both somatic cells and antigen-presenting cells expressed its ligand, ICOSL (including tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment).It is important for immunosuppression. Uncertainty surrounds the function of ICOS in tumor immunity. Methods Several bioinformatics techniques were employed by us to thoroughly examine the expression and prognostic value of ICOS in 33 cancers based on data collected from TCGA and GTEx. In addition, ICOS was explored with pathological stage, tumor-infiltrating cells, immune checkpoint genes, mismatch repair (MMR) genes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), microsatellite instability (MSI),and tumor mutation burden (TMB).In addition,To ascertain the level of ICOS expression in various cells, qRT-PCR was employed. Results The findings revealed that ICOS expression was up regulation in most cancer types. The high expression of ICOS in tumor samples was related to the poor prognosis of UVM and LGG; The positive prognosis was boosted by the strong expression of ICOS in OV, SARC, SKCM, THYM, UCEC, and HNSC. The result is that the expression of malignancy was revealed by the immune cells’ invasion.profile of ICOS in different types of cancer. Different ways that ICOS expression is connected to immune cell infiltration account for variations in patient survival. Additionally, the TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT genes as well as ICOS expression are linked in many cancer types.The results of PCR showed that it is highly expressed in gastric, breast, liver and renal cell carcinoma cell lines compared with normal cells. Conclusion This study suggests that ICOS may be a potential tumor immunotherapy target and prognostic marker.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Corpus Luteum Cyst Formation in Pigs

“…In this study, many of the top 20 functionally enriched GO terms assigned to the DEGs in luteal cysts were genes involved in immune-related biological processes, including SIGLEC1, PDCD1, ICOS, and MHCII, and to significantly up-regulated genes enriched in cell adhesion molecule signaling pathways. The increased expression of SIGLEC1 is closely related to tumor formation and metastasis [18][19][20], and the increased expression of ICOS leads to poor prognosis and significantly increased PDCD1 expression in ovarian tumors [21][22][23]. The increased expression of these immune-related genes may promote the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and the formation of cysts.…”

Small molecule agents for triple negative breast cancer: Current status and future prospects

“…Given the bidirectional regulatory nature of the ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway, drugs targeting this pathway can be classified as either agonists or antagonists. Research findings indicate the up-regulation of ICOS in more than 20 types of tumor tissues, including BC [265] . The expression level of ICOS in BC correlates with clinical and molecular classifications, with high ICOS expression linked to favorable survival outcomes in TNBC [266] .…”

Quantification and Profiling of Early and Late Differentiation Stage T Cells in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Reveals Immunotherapeutic Targets in Subsets of Patients

“…Lastly, NLRC5/CITA induces the expression of genes encoding critical components of the MHC class I pathway, which is essential for the cancer antigen presentation and recruitment/activation of cytotoxic T cells [51]. An increased expression of ICOS indicates that T cells are involved in antigen recognition, but the function can be dual with either anti-tumor or tumor promotion responses [52]. In CD20+ AOIs, 15 transcripts were negatively associated with T-cell-rich MCL and included genes related to cell cycling, DNA repair and mobility, all associated with aggressive disease.…”