Comprehensive analysis of sucrolytic enzyme gene families in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Low-Oxygen Responses of Cut Carnation Flowers Associated with Modified Atmosphere Packaging

“…This indicates that ATP production balanced its consumption when oxidative phosphorylation was inhibited [ 13 , 15 ]. Sugar utilization is altered in carnation petals under hypoxia [ 24 ]. In addition to the enhancement of alcoholic fermentation [ 14 , 23 ], sucrose degradation mediated by SUS may be involved in the altered sugar energy metabolism under prolonged hypoxia [ 24 ].…”

“…Sugar utilization is altered in carnation petals under hypoxia [ 24 ]. In addition to the enhancement of alcoholic fermentation [ 14 , 23 ], sucrose degradation mediated by SUS may be involved in the altered sugar energy metabolism under prolonged hypoxia [ 24 ]. However, in carnation petals wilting in air, the AEC levels were relatively unchanged compared with the ATP content, which agrees with previous results [ 13 ].…”

“…Florets at opening stage 4 were incubated in air, hypoxia (3% oxygen), and anoxia, as previously described [ 24 , 44 ]. After incubation, petals were frozen and ground using a mortar and pestle.…”

“…Total RNA was extracted from frozen petal samples as previously described [ 24 ]. cDNA was then synthesized from 1 μg of RNA using ReverTra Ace reverse transcriptase (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) and Oligo dT-Adaptor Primer (5′-GTT TTC CCA GTC ACG ACT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT T-3′) and used as a template for RT-PCR.…”

“…PHYTOGLOBIN (PGB) is another component of hypoxic signaling and survival [ 22 ]. In carnation flowers, hypoxia-responsive genes encoding SUCROSE SYNTHASE (SUS) and fermentative enzymes, such as PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE (PDC) and ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE (ADH), have been identified [ 23 , 24 ]. However, no information is available on the oxygen-sensing and signaling components, including group VII ERF, in carnations.…”