Comprehensive analysis of oat avenanthramides using hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Possible detection of new compounds

Abstract

RationaleAvenanthramides (AVNs) are constituents unique to oats and have many outstanding health benefits. AVNs are antioxidants and possess anti‐inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial activity. The number of known AVNs increased recently because of the latest developments in high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) techniques.MethodsOat seed extract from 10 oat cultivars was analysed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) with positive heated electrospray ionization.ResultsThirty‐five AVNs were identified and characterized in seed extracts, and the structures of 10 novel AVNs were tentatively elucidated, among which were AVNs bearing a cinamoyl or sinapoyl moiety. These AVNs are reported in oats for the first time. The method was validated using AVN standards (AVNs 2c, 2f and 2p), with limits of detection and quantitation at low picomole levels. Recovery of AVN standards varied from 83% to 106%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 2% to 9%. The total AVNs in the selected oat varieties ranged from 36.0 to 302.5 μg/g (dry weight), with AVN 2c, AVN 2f and AVN 2p representing approximately 65%–70% of that total.ConclusionsOur comprehensive method for detecting the full avenanthramide spectrum can contribute to better understanding the chemical and biological properties of individual AVNs for utilization in developing new oat cultivars and novel functional foods.

Polyphenols and avenanthramides extracted from oat ( Avena sativa L.) grains and sprouts modulate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms in 3T3 L1 adipocytes

“…The major avenanthramide identified in both the OG and the OS was avenanthramide C (2c; AV_1), followed by avenanthramide B (2f; AV_7) and avenanthramide A (2p; AV_5), which are the major avenanthramides found in oat grains (Rao et al., 2019 and Jágr et al., 2020). Interestingly, the sprouting process significantly ( p < .05) increased their content by 9.0‐, 8.3‐, and 8.2‐fold, respectively.…”

Comprehensive Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Snake Fruit: Salak (Salacca zalacca)

“…MS/MS conditions were similar to those used in our previous study [15]. Briefly, ionization was run in the positive or negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode.…”

“…ere is some available information about high total phenolic content (TPC) influenced by maturity stage of snake fruit [15] which is accompanied by higher antioxidative activity in comparison with mangosteen, mango, and rambai in previous studies [4].…”

Optimized workflow for unknown screening using gas chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry expands identification of contaminants in silicone personal passive samplers

“…[30][31][32] Several workflows for suspect and unknown screening analysis using HRMS have been developed and evaluated for environmental contaminants in various matrices using liquid chromatography with HRMS (LC/HRMS). [33][34][35][36][37][38] However, applications of GC/HRMS in unknown analysis are still very limited and relatively undeveloped.…”