Comprehensive analysis of lysine lactylation in Frankliniella occidentalis

Abstract

Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are among the most important pests globally that transmit destructive plant viruses and infest multiple commercial crops. Lysine lactylation (Klac) is a recently discovered novel post-translational modification (PTM). We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the global lactylated proteome of F. occidentalis, and further enriched the identified lactylated proteins using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). In the present study, we identified 1,458 Klac sites in 469 proteins from F. occidentalis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Klac was widely distributed in F. occidentalis proteins, and these Klac modified proteins participated in multiple biological processes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that Klac proteins were significantly enriched in multiple cellular compartments and metabolic pathways, such as the ribosome and carbon metabolism pathways. Two Klac proteins were found to be involved in the regulation of the TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) transmission in F. occidentalis. This study provides a systematic report and a rich dataset of lactylation in F. occidentalis proteome for potential studies on the Klac protein of this notorious pest.

Novel Insight of Nitrogen Deprivation Affected Lipid Accumulation by Genome-Wide Lactylation in Nannochloropsis oceanica

“…Certain amino acid residues around the Kla were found to be significantly enriched when evaluating the motif sequences in an enrichment heat map (Figure C,D). K, A, and methionine (M) residues were also often identified upstream of the Kla sites, whereas K, A, and G residues were more commonly observed downstream of the Kla sites. ,,, These results demonstrated that some motifs in N. oceanica are conserved with other organisms, including higher plant rice, T. gondii, and B.…”

“…In a higher plant (rice), Frankliniella occidentalis, and plant fungal pathogen B. cinerea, the proteins in glycolysis are lactylated. ,, This implies that lactylation is common in glycolytic enzymes . Studies have shown that lactylation acts as a regulator of glycolysis at two different points.…”

“…cinerea, T. brucei , and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, partial enzymes that participated in the TCA cycle are also lactylated. − ,, Taken together, there may be a significant physiological significance for the lactylation of K residues in proteins since it is linked to carbohydrate catabolism and energy biogenesis.…”

Ubiquitous protein lactylation in health and diseases

“…Additionally, Gao et al conducted the first proteomic survey of Kla sites in the Botryotinia fuckeliana , identifying 273 Kla sites in 166 proteins [ 46 ]. In 2022, An et al also discovered 1,458 Kla sites in 469 proteins from Frankliniella occidentalis ( F. occidentalis ) by comprehensive analysis of the lactylome in F. occidentalis [ 47 ]. Meanwhile, Yin et al identified 1,964 Kla sites on 955 proteins of the T. gondii RH strain [ 48 ].…”

“…For example, in 2022, Yin et al found that H4K12la and K14 Kla of histone H3 (H3K14la) are associated with microtubule-based movement and cell invasion in T. gondii [ 48 ]. An et al demonstrated that Kla is widely distributed in many proteins of F. occidentalis and linked with ribosomes, DNA binding, protein interactions, and cellular metabolism [ 47 ]. Wang and his colleagues reported their experimental results which indicated that Kla might change the conformation and structure of gluten.…”