Comprehensive analysis of histone deacetylases genes in the prognosis and immune infiltration of glioma patients

Abstract

The occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, their relationship with the overall biology and prognosis of glioma is still unknown. In the present study, we developed and validated a prognostic model for glioma based on HDAC genes. Glioma patients can be divided into two subclasses based on eleven HDAC genes, and patients from the two subclasses had markedly different survival outcomes. Then, using six HDAC genes (HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, and HDAC9), we established a prognostic model for glioma patients, and this prognostic model was validated in an independent cohort. Furthermore, the calculated risk score from six HDACA genes expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor that could predict the five-year overall survival of glioma patients well. High-risk patients have changes in multiple complex functions and molecular signaling pathways, and the gene alterations of high- and low-risk patients were significantly different. We also found that the different survival outcomes of high- and low-risk patients could be related to the differences in immune filtration levels and the tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, we identified several small molecular compounds that could be favorable for glioma patient treatment. Finally, the expression levels of HDAC genes from the prognostic model were validated in glioma and nontumor tissue samples. Our results revealed the clinical utility and potential molecular mechanisms of HDAC genes in glioma. A model based on six HDAC genes can predict the overall survival of glioma patients well, and these genes are potential therapeutic targets.

FDX1 serves as a prognostic biomarker and promotes glioma progression by regulating the immune response

“…Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to evaluate the correlation of FDX1 expression with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint status. The proportions of 16 immune cell infiltration levels and immune-related function scores were also analyzed for each sample from the high- and low- FDX1 expression groups [ 12 ]. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to estimate the association between FDX1 expression levels and macrophage (M0, M1, and M2), monocyte, activated CD4 memory T cell, CD8 T cell, gamma delta T cell, activated natural killer (NK) cell, and resting CD4 memory T cell counts; p values of < 0.05 were considered to indicate significant correlation.…”

Molecular Insights into Photodynamic Therapy of Glioma

“…They are involved in many processes, such as cancer cell growth and proliferation [67]. There are several different classes of HDACs, the expression of which, depending on the class, is increased or decreased in the glioma [68]. PDT affects the expression and activity of HDACs.…”