Comprehensive analysis of dynamics and hazards associated with cascading failure in 18650 lithium ion cell arrays

Said, Ahmed O.; Lee, Christopher; Stoliarov, Stanislav I.; Marshall, André W.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.141

Cited by 123 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Unfortunately, this kind of self-heating ignition has rarely been discussed for LIBs because self-heating of LIBs is often confused with another concept, TR propagation [15][16][17][18]. TR propagation studies when there is a failure on one single cell, how the fire propagates to the nearby cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Self-Heating Ignition of a Box of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage

Restuccia

et al. 2020

Fire Technol

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Many thermal events have been reported during storage and transport of large numbers of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), raising industry concerns and research interests in its mechanisms. Apart from electrochemical failure, self-heating ignition, driven by poor heat transfer could also be a possible cause of fire in large-scale ensembles of LIBs. The classical theories and models of self-heating ignition assume a homogeneous lumped system, whereas LIBs storage involves complex geometry and heterogeneous material composition due to the packaging and insulation, which significantly changes the heat transfer within the system. These effects on the self-heating behaviour of LIBs have not been studied yet. In this study, the self-heating ignition behaviour of a box containing 100 LiCoO2 (LCO) type of cylindrical cells with different insulation is numerically modelled using COMSOL Multiphysics with a multi-step reaction scheme. The model predicts that the critical ambient temperature triggering self-ignition of the box is 125°C, which is 30°C lower than that for a single cell, and the time to thermal runaway is predicted to be 15 times longer. The effects of different insulating materials and packing configurations are also analysed. This work provides novel insights into the self-heating of large-scale LIBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Self-Heating Ignition of a Box of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage

Restuccia

et al. 2020

Fire Technol

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“…A number of cells are packed together in various configurations (parallel and/or series connected) to form a module. 16 The initial cell failure may increase the temperature of adjacent cells, thus, causing a cell-to-cell thermal runaway propagation, [17][18][19][20][21][22] which results in a much more serious damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire blanket and intumescent coating materials for failure resistance

Takahashi

2021

MRS Bulletin

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There is major fire safety concern about failure propagation of thermal runaway in multicell lithium-ion batteries. This article overviews the passive fire-protection approach based on thermal insulation by intumescent coating materials and fire blankets for viable failure resistance. The intumescent coating will expand (up to 100× on heating) to form a thick, porous char layer and act as a thermal barrier to insulate the substrate. It is also used to seal around openings in a wall or floor to impede the spread of fire and smoke. High-temperature fire blankets are made of noncombustible or flame-resistant fabric materials (e.g., aramids, fiberglass, amorphous silica, preoxidized carbon, and mineral fibers). Both working intumescent coating and fire blankets can block a significant portion (typically 60 to 90%) of the incident heat. Impact-resistant high-strength fabrics, in either soft or rigid forms, can also be used as parts of multilayer protection assembly. Thus, multilayer assemblies can be used for various commercial products, including passive and active fire-protection blankets, battery-cell partitions, confinement bags and containers, packaging materials, and personal protective equipment.

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“…In general, the exothermal behavior of the TR can change if the cell is triggered under different abuse conditions [9][10][11][12][13]; as a consequence, the initiation of TR is a fundamental aspect to consider to obtain test results in the direction of the desired target. On the module level, if the TR is triggered in a first cell, this will start exothermal reactions, causing thermal and mechanical stress to the adjacent cells and likely propagating with a cascade process involving multiple cells, or, in worst case, the whole module [11,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. Considering the aforementioned, if the TR propagation speed needs to be analyzed in a Li-ion cells module, since the triggering method affects the exothermal behavior of the first cell, it must be carefully chosen since it could affect the propagation speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, several methods were found to initiate TR in a system with multiple Liion cells, however, all the investigated procedures can be reclassified into three main cases: object penetration [14], external heating [9,11,15,[17][18][19], or electrical overcharge [20,21]. In general, the overheating of the Li-ion cell can be obtained by an external thermal source or by an abusive electrical operation, i.e., forcing an electric current and/or voltage above the nominal values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation for a Mechanically Constrained Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Module

et al. 2021

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In this paper, tests and analysis of thermal runaway propagation for commercial modules consisting of four 41 Ah Li-ion pouch cells are presented. Module samples were tested at 100% state-of-charge and mechanically constrained between two steel plates to provide thermal and mechanical contact between the parts. Voltage and temperature of each cell were monitored during the whole experiment. The triggering of the exothermal reactions was obtained by overheating one cell of the stack with a flat steel heater. In preliminary studies, the melting temperature of the separator was measured (from an extracted sample) with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques, revealing a tri-layers separator with two melting points (≈135 °C and ≈170 °C). The tests on module level revealed 8 distinct phases observed and analyzed in the respective temperature ranges, including smoking, venting, sparkling, and massive, short circuit condition. The triggering temperature of the cells resulted to be close to the melting temperature of the separator obtained in preliminary tests, confirming that the violent exothermal reactions of thermal runaway are caused by the internal separator failure. Postmortem inspections of the modules revealed the internal electrical failure path in one cell and the propagation of the internal short circuit in its active material volume, suggesting that the expansion of the electrolyte plays a role in the short circuit propagation at the single cell level. The complete thermal runaway propagation process was repeated on 5 modules and ended on average 60 s after the first thermal runaway triggered cell reached a top temperature of 1100 °C.

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Comprehensive analysis of dynamics and hazards associated with cascading failure in 18650 lithium ion cell arrays

Cited by 123 publications

References 42 publications

Numerical Study of Self-Heating Ignition of a Box of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage

Numerical Study of Self-Heating Ignition of a Box of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage

Fire blanket and intumescent coating materials for failure resistance

Analysis and Investigation of Thermal Runaway Propagation for a Mechanically Constrained Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Module

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