Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA immune infiltration and prediction of prognosis in patients with bladder cancer

Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa), among the world’s most common malignant tumors in the urinary system, has a high morbidity and mortality. Though cuproptosis is a new type of cell death mediated by lipoylated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins, the role of cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (crlncRNAs) in bladder tumors awaits further elucidation. In this paper, we tried to explore how important crlncRNAs are for BCa.Methods: The crlncRNAs were first obtained through Pearson correlation analysis of the RNA-seq data and corresponding clinical data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, three lncRNAs were acquired by Cox regression and Lasso regression to build a prognostic model of crlncRNAs for verification. In the meantime, clinicopathological correlation analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), immunoassay, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration prediction (IC50) were carried out. Then, an entire tumor was classified into two clusters by crlncRNA expression to further discuss the differences in prognosis, immune status and drug susceptibility among different subgroups.Results: We obtained a total of 152 crlncRNAs and built a risk model for screened crlncRNAs. We validated the model and found that calibration charts feature a high consistency in verifying nomogram prediction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and univariate and multivariate Cox regression suggested that this model can be applied as an independent prognostic factor of bladder cancer due to its high accuracy. According to KEGG analysis, high-risk groups were enriched in cancer and immune-related pathways. During tumor immunoassay, noticeable differences were observed in both immune infiltration and checkpoints between high- and low-risk patients. Of the two subgroups divided among patients by consensus clustering, cluster 2 had a better prognosis, whereas cluster 1 had higher immunoreactivity scores, more immune cell infiltrations and immune checkpoint expressions, and different sensitivities to drugs.Conclusion: The research findings demonstrate that crlncRNAs can be used to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of patients suffering from BCa, and differentiate between BCa subgroups to improve the individual therapy of BCa.

Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in the prognosis and therapy response of patients with bladder cancer

“…Cuproptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death and is different from other known death forms, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. A previous study showed that cuproptosis is involved in the development and progression of malignancies ( 22 ). As cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, there are limited data and studies related to its clinical value in BLCA.…”

Identification of seven cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature and establishment of a prognostic nomogram predicting overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer

“…Copper can be involved in angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis, and cancer cells can adapt to adverse microenvironment by regulating copper metabolism [18]. CRLs can be used to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of patients suffering from bladder cancer, which high risk patients were enriched in several immune-related pathways such as cell proliferation, nucleotide metabolism, and in ammatory immune response [19]. The cuproptosis is closely related to immune system [20].…”

A novel cuproptosis-related lncRNAs signature predicts prognostic and immune of bladder urothelial carcinoma

“…Although recent studies have also investigated cuproptosisrelated lncRNAs in the prognosis and immunity of BLCA (Zhang et al, 2022), research in this area needs to be continuously explored to improve the treatment outcome and prognosis of BLCA patients. Therefore, in our research, we built a prognostic model of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs in BLCA and assessed the model accuracy while studying the immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and immune checkpoint analysis of highly mutated genes in the high-risk group to provide a scientifically useful basis for further studies.…”