Comprehensive analysis of beta-galactosidase protein in plants based on Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Beta-galactosidases (βgals) (EC 3.2.1.23) have been detected in a wide range of plant organs and tissues and are described by their ability to hydrolyze terminal nonreducing β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. In this study, 92 βgal protein sequences from different plants, 7 animal samples including human and mouse, 3 samples from bacteria including Escherichia coli, and 4 samples from insects including Drosophila melanogaster were aligned. Sequences were analyzed by computational tools to predict the protein properties, such as molecular mass, isoelectric point, signal peptide, motifs, transmembrane domain, and secondary and spatial structure. Protein structure analysis revealed there is a high identity between plants and other organisms. The modeled βgal has a typical spatial structure with catalytic regions. The 3-dimensional model of Arabidopsis thaliana βgal (Accession Number: NP_001154292) was further checked by PROCHECK algorithm, and showed the majority of the amino acid residues were located in the most-favored regions in a Ramachandran plot. This result suggested that the simulated 3-dimensional structure was reliable. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. thaliana βgal has a close relationship with some plants' βgal from different families such as Malvaceae, Solanaceae, and Poaceae. According to these results, βgals should be derived from a common ancestor.

Structural and phylogenetic analysis of α-glucosidase protein in insects

“…αGlu is a secretory protein and the positions of the secretory proteins of each sample were predicted by SignalP analysis. Recently, many studies have been carried out on conserved regions of different sequences to investigate their relationship and their role in biology (Darabi et al 2012;Darabi & Farhadi-Nejad 2013;Darabi & Seddigh 2013;Seddigh & Darabi 2014). Study of the α-amylase family is practically impossible without taking into account the question of the conserved sequence regions (Janecek 2002).…”

“…Recently, bioinformatics and genomic tools have revolutionized the studies of organisms' metabolism by showing new results about proteins and their structure (Altay et al 2013;Darabi & Farhadi-Nejad 2013;Kesici et al 2013;Seddigh & Darabi 2014). The aim of the present study was to deliver structural, functional and phylogenetic analyses on a key gene in insects to determine the biochemical characterization in order to gain a better understanding of the digestive physiology of insects.…”

Proteomics comparison of aspartic protease enzyme in insects

“…Because of its effectiveness and low cost, bioinformatics has been widely used to predict antigenic epitopes on proteins (Bai et al, 2012). Thus, it seems that these tools have revolutionized the study of genetics (Darabi et al, 2012;Darabi and Farhadi-Nejad, 2013;Kesici et al, 2013;Seddigh and Darabi, 2014). In conclusion, our study employed bioinformatics methods to explain the structure, function, and molecular mechanism of AP protein in insects.…”

Beta galactosidases in Arabidopsis and tomato–a mini review

“…We have recently introduced cyclophellitol aziridine-based probes to monitor broad range of active glycosidases in plants [59]. To monitor the in vivo BGAL activity, Arabidopsis plants have also been treated with the artificial substrate X-Gal [60]. Performing assays with more natural substrates and locating the activity in tissues using microscopy would be relevant to associate BGAL activity with a biological process.…”