Comprehensive aerosol and gas data set from the Sydney Particle Study

Keywood, Melita; Selleck, Paul; Reisen, Fabienne; Cohen, David D.; Chambers, Scott D.; Cheng, Min; Cope, Martin; Crumeyrolle, S.; Dunne, Erin; Emmerson, Kathryn M.; Fedele, Rosemary; Galbally, Ian E.; Gillett, R. W.; Griffiths, Alan D.; Guérette, Élise-Andrée; Harnwell, James; Humphries, Ruhi S.; Lawson, Sarah; Miljevic, Branka; Molloy, Suzie; Powell, Jennifer; Simmons, Jack B.; Ristovski, Zoran; Ward, Jason

doi:10.5194/essd-11-1883-2019

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The air quality index (AQI = NEPM/pollutant concentration ×100) in Sydney and Darwin is classed as "very good" (AQI < 33) for both pollutants (years 2009-2014), with an improving trend for O 3 but a declining trend for PM 2.5 (Keywood et al, 2016). Darwin is a small city, and the biogenic component of O 3 changes is less than 2 ppb.…”

Section: C-ctm Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Predicting future air quality in Australian cities dominated by eucalypt emissions requires an understanding of their emission potentials in a warmer climate. Here we measure the temperature response in isoprene emissions from saplings of four different Eucalyptus species grown under current and future average summertime temperature conditions. The future conditions represent a 2050 climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, with average daytime temperatures of 294.5 K. Ramping the temperature from 293 to 328 K resulted in these eucalypts emitting isoprene at temperatures 4–9 K higher than the default maximum emission temperature in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). New basal emission rate measurements were obtained at the standard conditions of 303 K leaf temperature and 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetically active radiation and converted into landscape emission factors. We applied the eucalypt temperature responses and emission factors to Australian trees within MEGAN and ran the CSIRO Chemical Transport Model for three summertime campaigns in Australia. Compared to the default model, the new temperature responses resulted in less isoprene emission in the morning and more during hot afternoons, improving the statistical fit of modelled to observed ambient isoprene. Compared to current conditions, an additional 2 ppb of isoprene is predicted in 2050, causing hourly increases up to 21 ppb of ozone and 24-hourly increases of 0.4 µg m−3 of aerosol in Sydney. A 550 ppm CO2 atmosphere in 2050 mitigates these peak Sydney ozone mixing ratios by 4 ppb. Nevertheless, these forecasted increases in ozone are up to one-fifth of the hourly Australian air quality limit, suggesting that anthropogenic NOx should be further reduced to maintain healthy air quality in future.

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Section: C-ctm Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

et al. 2020

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“…The Sydney Particle Study was a comprehensive observation and modelling study of fine particles and selected gaseous urban pollutants in the Sydney Basin, Australia [8,9,24]. While SPS observations were made at numerous sites across the Sydney Basin Region (Figure 1), the focal point was the Westmead Air Quality Station, 26 km northwest of the Sydney Central Business District (CBD).…”

Section: Site and Measurement Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaluation dataset for this study was selected from observations made as part of the second Sydney Particle Study (SPS; [8,9,24]). Specifically, meteorology, particle precursor trace gases, and fine particles measured at Westmead (NSW, Australia) in autumn 2012 are compared with corresponding values simulated by seven models operated by ANSTO, CSIRO, the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW OEH), the University of Melbourne, and North Carolina State University.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skill-Testing Chemical Transport Models across Contrasting Atmospheric Mixing States Using Radon-222

Chambers

Guérette

Monk³

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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We propose a new technique to prepare statistically-robust benchmarking data for evaluating chemical transport model meteorology and air quality parameters within the urban boundary layer. The approach employs atmospheric class-typing, using nocturnal radon measurements to assign atmospheric mixing classes, and can be applied temporally (across the diurnal cycle), or spatially (to create angular distributions of pollutants as a top-down constraint on emissions inventories). In this study only a short (<1-month) campaign is used, but grouping of the relative mixing classes based on nocturnal mean radon concentrations can be adjusted according to dataset length (i.e., number of days per category), or desired range of within-class variability. Calculating hourly distributions of observed and simulated values across diurnal composites of each class-type helps to: (i) bridge the gap between scales of simulation and observation, (ii) represent the variability associated with spatial and temporal heterogeneity of sources and meteorology without being confused by it, and (iii) provide an objective way to group results over whole diurnal cycles that separates ‘natural complicating factors’ (synoptic non-stationarity, rainfall, mesoscale motions, extreme stability, etc.) from problems related to parameterizations, or between-model differences. We demonstrate the utility of this technique using output from a suite of seven contemporary regional forecast and chemical transport models. Meteorological model skill varied across the diurnal cycle for all models, with an additional dependence on the atmospheric mixing class that varied between models. From an air quality perspective, model skill regarding the duration and magnitude of morning and evening “rush hour” pollution events varied strongly as a function of mixing class. Model skill was typically the lowest when public exposure would have been the highest, which has important implications for assessing potential health risks in new and rapidly evolving urban regions, and also for prioritizing the areas of model improvement for future applications.

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“…A comprehensive study of PM 2.5 in Sydney, including both observational and modelling components, was undertaken during the Sydney Particle Study (SPS) [19,[32][33][34]. Two month-long measurement campaigns were completed, in summer 2011 and autumn 2012, at Westmead Air Quality Station in the Sydney Basin.…”

Section: Particulate Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Australian atmospheric chemistry community had undertaken three relevant measurement campaigns to gather detailed atmospheric composition data, but these data had not been through their final quality assurance procedures that were required before publication. In the early stages of CAUL, efforts were concentrated on finalising these datasets from the two Sydney Particle Study campaigns (SPS1 and SPS2) [32][33][34] and from the Measurements of Urban, Marine, and Biogenic Air (MUMBA) campaign [6,139,140] from the southern city of Wollongong. These three campaigns were used as the basis of the modelling comparison described in Section 2.2.…”

Section: Findings From Previous Measurement Campaigns In New South Walesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales

et al. 2019

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This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia’s national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 concentrations.

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Comprehensive aerosol and gas data set from the Sydney Particle Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

Skill-Testing Chemical Transport Models across Contrasting Atmospheric Mixing States Using Radon-222

A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales

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