“…In fact, instruction seems beneficial even for learners with fossilized characteristics (Derwing, Munro, & Wiebe, 1997;Derwing et al, 2014), and in short amounts of instruction embedded within communicative classes (Levis & Muller Levis, 2018). Despite these key findings, teachers in different contexts do not necessarily approach pronunciation instruction systematically (Darcy, Ewert, & Lidster, 2012;Foote, et al, 2011;Huensch, 2019;Macdonald, 2002). This is in part due to lack of training in areas such as phonetics, phonology, L2 speech development theory, and pronunciation pedagogy (Couper, 2016(Couper, , 2017Murphy, 2014bMurphy, , 2017, and it has been demonstrated in different studies that investigated what teachers believe, think, and know about pronunciation instruction.…”