ComprehendingCornus: Puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods

Eyde, Richard H.

doi:10.1007/bf02868985

Cited by 156 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Kraniopsis. Other authors followed this view, e.g., Eyde (1988), Xiang and Boufford (2005), and Schulz (2011Schulz ( , 2012. Within subg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Davis and Nixon 1992; Wiens and Servedio 2000; Sites and Marshall 2004), we did not strive to attain such a goal based on analyzed Cornus endocarp traits. Rather, we re-evaluated the taxonomic significance of these traits in the frame of widely accepted Cornus species, which were identified using other morphological traits (Koehne 1903;Wangerin 1910;Pylypenko 1960;Rehder 1967;Bean 1970;Eyde 1988;Cullen et al 1997;Xiang and Boufford 2005;Schulz 2011Schulz , 2012. Koehne (1896, after Schulz 2011 underlined for the first time an importance of apical cavity in the Cornus classification, particularly in the discrimination between subgenera (Mesomora and Kraniopsis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The centers of the generic diversity are East Asia and North America with the exception of two species in South America and one in tropical East Africa (Wangerin 1910;Macbride 1929;Eyde 1988;Stevens 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, a series of studies was undertaken to improve the quality of the earlier conclusion regarding the systematic of this genus (e.g., Fosberg 1942;Wilson 1965;Eyde 1987Eyde , 1988Murrell 1993;Takhtajan 1997;Xiang et al 2003;Kubitzki 2004;Xiang and Boufford 2005;Bojňanský and Fargašová 2007;Manchester et al 2010;Schulz 2011Schulz , 2012. Some authors (Eyde 1988;Manchester et al 2010) do have some grounds to think that fossil dogwood fruits, especially those preserved intact in brown coal beds, are taxonomically useful and often can serve to identify the major clades (BW, BB, CC, DD) or a group of species within a particular subgenera. As stated by Eyde (1988), Cornus endocarp can be identified by its germination valves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors (Eyde 1988;Manchester et al 2010) do have some grounds to think that fossil dogwood fruits, especially those preserved intact in brown coal beds, are taxonomically useful and often can serve to identify the major clades (BW, BB, CC, DD) or a group of species within a particular subgenera. As stated by Eyde (1988), Cornus endocarp can be identified by its germination valves. Other features, such as endocarp size, its symmetry, shape of its apical or basal portions, variation in the occurrence of apical pit, surface sculpturing (e.g., ribs, furrows, grooves, vascular bundles), and features of its histology can be evaluated to facilitate identification to the lower taxonomic ranks within the genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

2014

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The genus Cornus encompasses a wide range of attractive wild taxa, often used as ornamental plants in landscaping. The aim of this investigation was to highlight the quantitative and qualitative diversity within endocarp morphological traits apparent among 15 Cornus species representing different geographical and phylogenetic groups. Seventeen morphological traits of Cornus endocarps were evaluated in 185 Cornus collections originating from the Northern Hemisphere. To explore structure in our dataset and reduce its complexity, several multivariate statistical analyses (i.e., PCA, MANOVA, ANOVA, and analysis of contingency tables) were employed. Two clearly distinct sample groups were observed after the PCA, reflecting a high level of taxonomic division of analyzed species, i.e., subgenera: Mesomora and Kraniopsis. The study highlights qualitative and/or quantitative characters that partitioned (1) groups of species or some individual species, (2) geographical groups, and (3) cultivated and wild collections. Results of trait validation are presented in identification keys. A partial congruence was detected between our results and a currently available species level phylogeny of the genus Cornus. The morphology of Cornus endocarps is of taxonomic importance and provides a key for species identification. The existence of only subtle morphological differences between some closely related taxa does not sufficiently explain their species status. The applicability of our results to the previously published morphological records is limited, mainly due to vague terminology. Considerably more work will need to be done to determine the effect of cultivation on qualitative reproductive traits of Cornus species.

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“…Kraniopsis. Other authors followed this view, e.g., Eyde (1988), Xiang and Boufford (2005), and Schulz (2011Schulz ( , 2012. Within subg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

2014

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Cornales (Dogwood)

Xiang

2013

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Cornales, a relatively small, but morphologically diverse, order of flowering plants, consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, rhizomatous herbs and rarely aquatic herbs. The order represents an early divergent lineage in the Asterid clade and has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring from cold temperate regions to the tropics, rarely in subarctic zones. Four to ten families, depending on how Cornaceae are circumscribed, comprise the order. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies supported a classification of 10 families that diverged during the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. Many of the 10 families are small and with restricted, modern distributions, but have fossils occurring in areas outside their present distribution. Common representatives include the dogwoods (e.g., Cornus florida (flowering dogwood), Cornus kousa (kousa dogwood), Cornus canadensis (bunchberry), Cornus mas (European cornelian cherry), Cornus sericea (red‐osier dogwood), Nyssa sylvatica (black gum), Davidia involucrata (dove tree), Hydrangea macrophylla (Hydrangea), Deutzia spp. (deutzias) and Philadelphus spp. (mock oranges)), which are widely cultivated as ornamentals. Several species are medicinally important, including Cornus officinalis (cornelian cherry), Camptotheca acuminata (Happy tree), Curtisia dentata (assegai tree) and Alangium salvifolium (sage‐leaved alangium). Key Concepts: Phylogenetic studies are essential to understanding and conserving biodiversity. Phylogeny depicts evolutionary relationships of species and speciation events, providing the basis for classification and understanding macro‐ and microevolution. Including more species and molecular data in phylogenetic studies can help to clarify relationships that were obscured by morphology and difficult to resolve due to rapid radiation. The age of a lineage on a phylogeny can be estimated using molecular data with a relaxed molecular clock calibrated from fossils (referred to as divergence time estimation). Time estimation for a given lineage is substantially affected by molecular data, taxon sampling and the phylogenetic nodes calibrated by the fossils. Dated phylogeny provides the temporal framework to understand diversification patterns and speciation events in absolute historical time that can be linked to specific events in the Earth's history. Fossils are important records of past distributions of a lineage, providing data on extinction, speciation, and morphological evolution through time.

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The critical role of fossils in inferring deep‐node phylogenetic relationships and macroevolutionary patterns in Cornales

Atkinson

2018

American J of Botany

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ComprehendingCornus: Puzzles and progress in the systematics of the dogwoods

Cited by 156 publications

References 233 publications

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits of endocarps revealed between Cornus L. species

Cornales (Dogwood)

The critical role of fossils in inferring deep‐node phylogenetic relationships and macroevolutionary patterns in Cornales

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