Comprehending literally-true versus literally-false proverbs

Power, Rachael; Taylor, Catherine L.; Nippold, Marilyn A.

doi:10.1177/026565900101700101

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…They found word knowledge to be associated with proverb comprehension and their findings were claimed to support a model of adolescent proverb comprehension including both bottom-up and top-down processing. In another study by Nippold and colleagues participants aged 9, 11 and 14 years completed comprehension tasks about literally true and literally false concrete proverbs (Power, et al, 2001). The results of the study are argued to be supporting the view that "figurative language is a direct, automatic and natural reflection of the way people think, reason and imagine" (p. 1).…”

Section: Learning Proverbsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…A large body of research during the past 20 years has been conducted by Marilyn Nippold and her colleagues (Nippold, et al, 1988;Nippold, et al, 1998;Nippold, et al, 2000;Power, et al, 2001). Nippold, et al (1988), mentioning the scarcity of the relevant body of research, question previous studies that highlighted the literal nature of proverb comprehension before adolescence, and maintained that the 10-year-old children are to perform well on proverb comprehension tasks that involve some contextual information.…”

Section: Learning Proverbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Metaphorical Communication: Farsi-Speaking Children Beginning to Learn Proverbs

Mirhosseini

2017

ONLINE J COMMUN MEDI

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Dominant trends of studies on child language and communication have been traditionally concerned with early words and syntax. Little attention has been paid to the emergence of metaphorical and discursive aspects of child language. However, beyond the scope of formal linguistics and traditional cognitive psychology, nonliteral language use is an integral aspect of language acquisition that needs to be dealt with in child language research. This study explores the emergence of proverbs (as complex instances of nonliteral communication) in the language of 6 and 8-year-old Farsi speaking children in two primary schools in Tehran. It is observed that the participants' knowledge of common Farsi proverbs is beyond the expectations that may be hypothesized based on the existing thin body of literature on proverbs in children's communication. This relatively early emergence of proverbs in the language of Farsi speaking children and its possible interpretations are discussed in this article.

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Section: Learning Proverbsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Learning Proverbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Metaphorical Communication: Farsi-Speaking Children Beginning to Learn Proverbs

Mirhosseini

2017

ONLINE J COMMUN MEDI

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“…Metaphors are defined as perception and experience in the form of other words through objective visualization (24), and they subtly teach readers that everything requires a structure and that change is always possible inside any structure (25). According to prior studies, metaphors may be effective in the diagnosis of both severe and stable mental diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, dysthymia (26), personal development, selfacceptance, sense of appreciating life, reduction of anxiety (27), cognitive development (28), self-concept development (29), and sense of responsibility (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longer the drug abuse lasts for, the more this irrational belief is strengthened and turned into a part of the individual's beliefs. Meanwhile, IMT assists with the improvement of individual development, sense of appreciating life, and acceptance of oneself among these persons (27), and it causes their self-concept to be promoted as well (28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Restructuring Based on Metaphor Therapy to Challenge the Irrational Beliefs of Drug Addicts Undergoing Buprenorphine Treatment

Komasi

Saeidi

Zakiei

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: The use of metaphors rather than direct suggestions of treatment can help to weaken defense mechanisms against any functional changes and so cause an increase in the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Objectives: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of individual metaphor therapy (IMT) in reducing the irrational beliefs and cognitive restructuring of drug addicts undergoing buprenorphine treatment. Patients and Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 100 drug addicts who were referred to MMT/BMT centers in the city of Kermanshah, Iran, from July to September 2014 were selected through single-stage cluster sampling. After excluding 56 patients from the study due to their failure to meet the inclusion criteria, 44 people (37 at the end) were randomly enrolled into the experimental (n = 19) or control groups (n = 18). The SCID-I and the Jones' Irrational Beliefs tests were used as a means of measurement. Ten sessions of IMT (one session per week) were used as the intervention for the experimental group. The controls received routine cognitive restructuring. Data analysis was conducted using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: After adjusting for age and gender, the findings of the study revealed that IMT was significantly effective in reducing the irrational beliefs of approval seeking (P = 0.02), high self-expectation (P = 0.01), frustration reactivity (P = 0.03), anxious over concern (P = 0.02), and perfectionism (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Since IMT can repeatedly neutralize patients' defenses without aggravating their anxiety, and as the therapy can help patients via the development of a new awareness or reformatting the patients' condition, it is recommended that this kind of therapy be used more widely in cognitive restructuring among drug addicts.

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Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults

Duthie¹,

Nippold²,

Billow³

et al. 2008

Applied Psycholinguistics

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The development of mental imagery in relation to the comprehension of concrete proverbs (e.g., one rotten apple spoils the barrel) was examined in children, adolescents, and adults who were ages 11 to 29 years old (n = 210). The findings indicated that age-related changes occurred in mental imagery and in proverb comprehension during the years between late childhood and early adulthood, and that the two domains were associated in children and adults but not in adolescents. Children and adults were more likely to describe relevant mental imagery (age 11: "A big barrel of apples and a woman picks up one that is rotten and there are worms in it and the worms go to all the other apples") when they also comprehended the proverb on a multiple-choice task. It was also found that participants' mental images became more metaphorical in relation to increasing age (age 21: "One bad comment can spoil the entire conversation"). The findings are consistent with dual coding theory, the view that nonverbal information (relevant visual imagery) in addition to verbal information (related words and phrases) supports language comprehension in the case of concrete meanings. The results also support the view that mental imagery reflects figurative understanding and the individual's tacit awareness of underlying metaphorical concepts.Proverbs are figurative expressions such as silence is golden, haste makes waste, and early to bed, early to rise that convey the beliefs, social norms, or moral concerns of a society

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Comprehending literally-true versus literally-false proverbs

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Early Metaphorical Communication: Farsi-Speaking Children Beginning to Learn Proverbs

Early Metaphorical Communication: Farsi-Speaking Children Beginning to Learn Proverbs

Cognitive Restructuring Based on Metaphor Therapy to Challenge the Irrational Beliefs of Drug Addicts Undergoing Buprenorphine Treatment

Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults

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