“…At the same time, researchers have argued that the spirit of place changes with place and time, and therefore, certain places need to be preserved ( Christou et al, 2019 ; Jiang and Lin, 2022 ). For example, the spirit of place is inherited and developed over time, and the Buddhist-themed spirit of place in the World Heritage city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, thrives in the architecture, landscape, villages, and cities, illustrating spiritual sustainability ( De Silva, 2023 ). Traditional villages are special tourist destinations associated with a unique local culture and connotation.…”