Compounds from Olea europaea and Pistacia lentiscus inhibit oral microbial growth

Abstract

Background In view of the increasing antibiotic resistance, the introduction of natural anti-infective agents has brought a new era in the treatment of bacterially derived oral diseases. Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of five natural constituents of Olea europaea (oleuropein, maslinic acid, hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal, oleacein) and three compounds of Pistacia lentiscus (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid, oleanolic acid, oleanonic aldehyde) against ten representative oral bacterial species and a Candida albicans strain. After the isolation and quality control of natural compounds, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay were performed. Results Among all O. europaea -derived constituents, maslinic acid was the most active (MIC = 4.9–312 μg mL − 1 , MBC = 9.8–25 μg mL − 1 ) one against oral streptococci and anaerobic pathogenic bacteria ( Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Parvimonas micra ), while oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleocanthal and oleacein showed milder, yet significant effects against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum . Among all P. lentiscus compounds, oleanolic acid was the most effective one against almost all microorganisms with MIC values ranging from 9.8 μg mL − 1 ( P. gingivalis ) to 625 μg mL − 1 ( F. nucleatum , P. micra ). In the presence of 24Z-isomasticadienolic acid, a mean inhibitory concentration range of 2.4 μg mL − 1 to 625 μg mL − 1 was observed for strict anaerobia. The MIC value for 24Z-isomasticadienolic acid was estimated between 39 μg mL − 1 ( Streptococcus sobrinus , Streptococcus oralis ) and 78 μg mL − 1 ( Streptococcus mutans ). All tested compounds showed no effects against Prevotella intermedia. Conclusions Overall, maslinic acid and oleanolic acid exerted the most significant inhibitory activity against the tested oral pathogens, especially streptococci and anaerobic oral microorganisms.

Antibacterial Activity of Three Extra Virgin Olive Oils of the Campania Region, Southern Italy, Related to Their Polyphenol Content and Composition

“…Taking also into account the bioavailability of polyphenols, several authors ascertained that the use of EVOO in food might help in supporting the prevention against foodborne pathogens [5,10]. Recently, the inhibitory effect of EVOO polyphenols was demonstrated also against some oral microorganisms, such as oral streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Parvimonas micra [11]. In olive mill wastewater, phenolic compounds and their secoiridoid derivatives present in an ethanol fraction contribute to support the noticeable antimicrobial activity exhibited against the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter [12].…”

Antibacterial activity of plant species used for oral health against Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…lentiscus , three compounds active against P . gingivalis have been identified: 24Z-isomasticadienolic acid, oleanolic acid, and oleanonic aldehyde with MIC values of 2.4 ug/mL, 9.8 ug/mL, and 625 ug/mL respectively [ 64 ]. These compounds also had growth inhibitory effects against the following oral microbes: Streptococcus mutans (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid 78 ug/mL, oleanolic acid 19.5 ug/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid 39 ug/mL, oleanolic acid 19.5 ug/mL), Streptococcus oralis (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid 39 ug/mL, oleanolic acid 19.5 ug/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid 156 ug/mL, oleanolic acid 78 ug/mL), and Parvimonas micra (24Z-isomasticadienolic acid 2.4 ug/mL) [ 64 ].…”

“…gingivalis and other oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , Streptococcus oralis , Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra . Overall, it is likely that maslinic acid and olaecein are responsible for most of the antibacterial activity [ 64 ].…”

“…Individual compounds (i.e., hydroxytyrosol, maslinic acid, oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein) from O. europaea extracts have been tested against P. gingivalis and other oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra. Overall, it is likely that maslinic acid and olaecein are responsible for most of the antibacterial activity [64].…”

Biofilm inhibiting properties of compounds from the leaves of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subsp ugandensis against Candida and staphylococcal biofilms

“…Plants offer a rich source of chemical diversity from which novel compounds can be harnessed to boost the current antimicrobial drug pipeline (Karygianni et al, 2019;Rishton, 2008;Sardi et al, 2013). Warburgia ugandensis Sprague subsp.…”