Compounds Derived from Garlic as Bud Induction Agents in Organic Farming of Table Grape

Abstract

A B S T R A C TViticulture is one of the most important economic activities in the Northwest of Mexico. A major obstacle for the economic production is the insufficient period of chilling temperatures. This problem leads to poor budbreak, which in turn results in reduced yields. This problem is aggravated when plants are cultivated using the organic farming system, mostly because there are not organically approved restbreaking agents. In this work different products derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.) were obtained and evaluated as stimulate budbreak agent of table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cvs. Flame Seedless and Perlette. The isolated compounds were chemically identified and include allicin, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, 3-vynil-[4H]-1.2-ditiin and 2-vynil-[3H]-1.3-ditiin, S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl thiosulfonate. Cuttings with six buds were used to evaluate the compounds. After compounds were applied, the cuttings were transferred to a growing chamber at 24 °C. All evaluated compounds promoted budbreak in the cuttings of Flame Seedless and Perlette. The volatile compounds from S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide promoted 100% of budbreak of both cultivars. The compounds from garlic that stimulated budbreak in grapevines in this work include sulphur in their molecule; therefore we propose that sulphur could play a key role in breaking bud dormancy of grape cultivars evaluated in this study.

Organic Alternative for Breaking Dormancy in Table Grapes Grown in Hot Regions

“…Similar satisfactory results were also obtained by using garlic-derived compounds in Perlette and Flame Seedless grapevines without exposure to chilling (Vargas et al, 2008). Both studies were done using cuttings, forced under controlled conditions.…”

“…Also, Hartmann et al (2000) attributed the effect of interrupting the dormancy of different species of deciduous plants to substances with sulfur molecules. Different sulfur compounds are components of GC, which were previously reported (Vargas et al, 2008). The mechanism by which sulfur compounds can induce bud breaking continues to be unknown.…”

Dimethyl Disulfide Produced by the Naturally Associated Bacterium Bacillus sp B55 Promotes Nicotiana attenuata Growth by Enhancing Sulfur Nutrition

“…Recently, Huang et al (2012) described DMDS as an elicitor of induced systemic resistance in N. benthamiana against Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, S-containing VOCs seem to enhance grape vine bud break (Kubota et al, 2003;Vargas-Arispuro et al, 2008). Whether DMDS mediates signaling processes involved in plant defense in N. attenuata is currently under investigation.…”

The Garlic Allelochemical Diallyl Disulfide Affects Tomato Root Growth by Influencing Cell Division, Phytohormone Balance and Expansin Gene Expression

“…The active substances from garlic responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines are sulfur-containing compounds containing an allyl group (CH 2 CHCH 2 ), particularly DADS. Many researchers have demonstrated that garlic extracts or the sulfur-containing compounds of garlic can improve bud break in grapevines (Kubota et al, 2003 ; Potjanapimon et al, 2008 ; Vargas-Arispuro et al, 2008 ; Botelho et al, 2010 ). Garlic and onion extracts can hasten floral bud break and increase the bud break percentage, fruit set, the total number of fruits and the fruit yield of apple trees; onion extracts can also stimulate the accumulation of total indoles (precursors for auxin synthesis) in “Anna” apple fruits (Botelho and Muller, 2007 ; Perussi et al, 2010 ; El-Yazal and Rady, 2014 ; Rady and El-Yazal, 2014 ).…”