Compounding sequence as a critical factor in the dispersion of OMMT/hydrocarbon resin/PP-g-MA/PP nanocomposites

Bischoff, Eveline; Simon, Douglas Alexandre; Liberman, Susana Alcira; Mauler, Raquel Santos

doi:10.1007/s00289-018-2408-9

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…On the other hand, there is a dramatic decrease in the strain at break and impact resistance [ 39 ], especially at high talc percentage, with the latter parameter being of great importance for many PP applications. To improve the proprieties of MF PP composites, different experimental strategies have been applied: using fillers with various surface treatments [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]; compatibilizing agents [ 43 , 44 , 45 ] such as PP functionalized/grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) [ 46 , 47 ]; using elastomers [ 26 ]; special modifiers/additives [ 48 ]; following the addition and synergies between micro- and/or nano-fillers [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Polypropylene–Calcium Sulfate (Anhydrite II) Composites: The Key Role of Zinc Ionomers via Reactive Extrusion

et al. 2023

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Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most versatile polymers widely used in packaging, textiles, automotive, and electrical applications. Melt blending of PP with micro- and/or nano-fillers is a common approach for obtaining specific end-use characteristics and major enhancements of properties. The study aims to develop high-performance composites by filling PP with CaSO4 β-anhydrite II (AII) issued from natural gypsum. The effects of the addition of up to 40 wt.% AII into PP matrix have been deeply evaluated in terms of morphology, mechanical and thermal properties. The PP–AII composites (without any modifier) as produced with internal mixers showed enhanced thermal stability and stiffness. At high filler loadings (40% AII), there was a significant decrease in tensile strength and impact resistance; therefore, custom formulations with special reactive modifiers/compatibilizers (PP functionalized/grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and zinc diacrylate (ZnDA)) were developed. The study revealed that the addition of only 2% ZnDA (able to induce ionomeric character) leads to PP–AII composites characterized by improved kinetics of crystallization, remarkable thermal stability, and enhanced mechanical properties, i.e., high tensile strength, rigidity, and even rise in impact resistance. The formation of Zn ionomers and dynamic ionic crosslinks, finer dispersion of AII microparticles, and better compatibility within the polyolefinic matrix allow us to explain the recorded increase in properties. Interestingly, the PP–AII composites also exhibited significant improvements in the elastic behavior under dynamic mechanical stress and of the heat deflection temperature (HDT), thus paving the way for engineering applications. Larger experimental trials have been conducted to produce the most promising composite materials by reactive extrusion (REx) on twin-screw extruders, while evaluating their performances through various methods of analysis and processing.

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