“…However, unique to emergency management field is the large number of plans created, updated, and exercised throughout a typical year— approximately 20 plans per local jurisdiction (e.g., city, county, parish). However, the Stafford Act (Public Law 93-288) encourages, not mandates, local governments to develop “comprehensive disaster preparedness and assistance plans, programs, and organizations” (FEMA 2021, 1) and to include socially vulnerable populations in plans (Knox et al 2022). The reason for this inclusion is due to socially vulnerable populations being at greater risk to natural hazards because they are exposed at higher rates, have fewer resources to prepare for and recover from disasters, and face greater economic, physical, political, and sociocultural obstacles (Cutter et al 2013; Finucane et al 2020; Gooden et al 2009; Jerolleman 2019; Knox and Haupt 2020).…”