Compound Homojunction:Heterojunction Reduces Bulk and Interface Recombination in ZnO Photoanodes for Water Splitting

Wang, Ning; Liu, Min; Hui‐min, Tan; Liang, Junhui; Wei, Changchun; Zhao, Ying; Sargent, Edward H.; Zhang, Xiaodan

doi:10.1002/smll.201603527

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…[85] The chemical sensitivity to different adsorbed gases makes it a gas sensor; [86] its exciton binding energy at room temperature is around 60 meV, which is relatively high and favorable for photoelectronics, surface acoustic devices, [87] field emitters, [88] and more. The ability to efficiently generate electron-hole pairs in the presence of ultraviolet light allows them to be used as photocatalysts for the decomposition of water [89] or the degradation of textile dyes; [90] ZnO is a very effectively and commonly used crosslinking agent for carboxylated elastomers, [91] which can be used in the production of vulcanized rubber with high tensile strength, tear resistance, hardness, and hysteresis. It is able to effectively absorb ultraviolet rays, not easy to adhere to, and easy to rub on the skin, so it can be used to make cosmetics such as sunblock cream and lotion.…”

Section: Application Of Zno Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials from Plant Extracts and Future Green Prospects: A Topical Review

Huang

Haw

Zheng

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202000266.through the manipulation of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale level. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field of research and stretches over fields including medicine, biology, chemistry, materials science, electronics, and mechanics. The converging trend of nanotechnology research comprises of synthesis, design, characterization, application, and manipulation of particle size distribution and morphology of nanomaterials. The manipulation of particles with size ranging from 1 to 100 nm can lead to the formation of functional nanomaterials that eventually govern the physical, chemical, biological, electronic, and optical properties. The use of functional nanomaterials and nano-enabled products has been extensively on the rise in a myriad of industries including optomechanics, energy, electronics, cosmetics, textile, aerospace, and healthcare. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

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Section: Application Of Zno Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials from Plant Extracts and Future Green Prospects: A Topical Review

Huang

Haw

Zheng

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…All rights reserved defects at the interface, which act as deep traps for charge recombination. [126] In this regard, various homojunction-based photoanodes have been studied. For example, Zn:BiVO 4 /Mo:BiVO 4 homojunction, Mg-Fe 2 O 3 /P-Fe 2 O 3 homojunction, and WO 3-x /WO 3 homojunction have been constructed and demonstrated to improve the photoelectrochemical performance, which can be attributed to reduced recombination by the bulit-in electric field and effective elimination of lattice mismatch.…”

Section: Manuscript Photoanode Was Fabricated By Growing the Rutile Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Metal‐Oxide Photoanodes: Engineering of Charge Separation and Transportation toward Efficient Solar Water Splitting

et al. 2020

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting experiences rapid development because of their potential of converting solar energy into renewable fuels. Photoelectrodes and electrolytes are two basic components for a PEC system. Metal-oxide photoanodes have been the most popular electrode candidates because of the excellent performance, good stability, earth-abundance and cost-effective features. However, the metal-oxide photoanodes suffer from serious charge recombination due to the intrinsically poor electrochemical properties. Therefore, intensive research effort has been devoted to solving these challenges. A variety of effective strategies have been developed, including the construction of nanostructures, introduction of dopants, control of crystal facets, design of junction, and modification of interfaces. Moreover, it is demonstrated that combination of multiple strategies is much more efficient than a single one to suppress the charge recombination. This work summarizes the recent advances of metal-oxide photoanodes for PEC water oxidation, mainly focusing on the engineering of charge separation and transportation process.At the end of this review, some perspectives and outlooks for the development and design of metaloxide photoanodes are also proposed, hoping to shed light on the rapid growth of this area in the future.

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“…With the help of suitable dopants, the wide bandgap metal oxides such as TiO 2 and ZnO have been able to extend their light absorption capability into visible region . Nonmetal elements, such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, boron, selenium, and halides, have been explored as dopants for semiconductor nanomaterials and have successfully improved their PEC performance by enhancing their photoactivities in the visible region . Likewise, cation ions' doping such as iron, cobalt, titanium, niobium, tantalum, copper, platinum, silicon has also been investigated as dopants.…”

Section: Surface Engineering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Engineering of Nanomaterials for Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting

Yao

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2018

Small

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be regenerated through combustion or a hydrogen fuel cell. The renewable solar energy and the good availability of water on the Earth make this approach sustain able and practically feasible.The rapid expanding of nanomaterials in the past decade is the fuel for the recent development of PEC water splitting and could fundamentally changes the design of PEC devices. [1,[8][9][10][11] Nanostructured photo electrodes have several advantages over the conventional bulk films, including larger surface area, shorter carrier diffu sion length, smaller light reflection loss, tunable optical bandgap, and electronic structure. [3,10,[12][13][14] Water oxidation and reduction take place at the electrode/ electrolyte interfaces; therefore, having favorable surface properties of photo electrodes is important, in particular, for nanostructured electrodes with extremely large surface area. [15,16] A number of sur face engineering methods have been demonstrated to be effective in tuning the surface properties of nanomaterials and consequently improving their photo and electrochemical stability, charge separation/recombination effi ciency, and kinetics of surface redox reactions. Despite some excellent review articles have highlighted the recent advances of nanomaterials for PEC water splitting, [8][9][10] the surface engi neering of nanomaterials for PEC water splitting has not been reported. In this review, we start with a brief introduction of basic principles of PEC water splitting, followed by the discus sion of the advantages of nanostructured photoelectrodes, and then the comprehensive discussion of nine most efficient and widely used surface engineering methods, and finally end with a comparison for all these methods and an outlook for the future work. Basic Principles of PEC Water SplittingFigure 1 illustrates the basic structure of a conventional PEC cell and the major processes of PEC water splitting including light absorption, charge separation, and charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In a PEC device, at least one of the two electrodes should be semiconductor material capable of harvesting sunlight. Photoelectrodes absorb light with energy equal or higher than their bandgap energies and excite electrons (e − ) from valence band (VB) to the unoccupied conduction band (CB), leaving the corresponding holes (h + ) at Photo-electrochemical water splitting represents a green and environmentally friendly method for producing solar hydrogen. Semiconductor nanomaterials with a highly accessible surface area, reduced charge migration distance, and tunable optical and electronic property are regarded as promising electrode materials to carry out this solar-to-hydrogen process. Since most of the photo-electrochemical reactions take place on the electrode surface or near-surface region, rational engineering of the surface structures, physical properties, and chemical nature of photoelectrode materials could fundamentally change their performance. Here, the recent advances in surface engineering methods, includin...

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Compound Homojunction:Heterojunction Reduces Bulk and Interface Recombination in ZnO Photoanodes for Water Splitting

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials from Plant Extracts and Future Green Prospects: A Topical Review

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials from Plant Extracts and Future Green Prospects: A Topical Review

Recent Advances of Metal‐Oxide Photoanodes: Engineering of Charge Separation and Transportation toward Efficient Solar Water Splitting

Surface Engineering of Nanomaterials for Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting

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