Compound criticality of bauxite production: implications for sustainability and trade neo-colonialism
C. Malam,
K. R. Moore,
P. Diallo
Abstract:We describe bauxite as having compound criticality. 1, it is a critical raw material (CRM) from which alumina and thereby aluminium are produced, and aluminium has the highest production levels of all metals deemed significant to the Clean Energy Transition. 2, gallium is a by-product CRM, extracted during alumina refining. 3, multiple other CRM by-products could be extracted during alumina refining: scandium, lithium, cobalt, titanium and REE. 4, production is profoundly influenced by price inelasticity (for … Show more
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