Composting and storage of organic household waste with different litter amendments. I: carbon turnover

Eklind, Ylva; Kirchmann, Holger

doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(00)00004-3

Cited by 104 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore cellulose can be expected to show higher decomposition rate, followed by hemicellulose. This is verified in previous publications: composted at 17 -23ºC cellulose and hemicellulose were reported to show a similar decomposition rate but, over longer digestion period (590 days), the former was decomposed to a greater extent (Eklind and Kirchmann, 2000a). This conclusion was confirmed by research carried out by Francou et al (2008); they found within an 84-day incubation at 28  1ºC averagely 55 -85% of cellulose and around 40 -65% of the hemicellulose fraction was degraded with lignin recalcitrant to degradation, only reaching 13 -25% degradation.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Appendix 463 decomposition was reported for a paper mixture within 590-days composting at ambient temperature 17 -23ºC (Eklind and Kirchmann, 2000a); even a higher lignin biodegradation (70%) within a 35-day incubation period at 50ºC has been reported (Tuomela et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the cellulose present in cardboard/paper is less resistant than cellulose of wood due to changes induced in the paper manufacturing (Eklind and Kirchmann, 2000a). As for hemicellulose, although the types of enzymes involved in its degradation are similar to cellulose, more enzymes are required for its complete degradation due to its greater complexity in comparison with the linear polymer cellulose (Malherbe andCloete, 2002, Sánchez, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appendix 464 biodegradability results reported primarily represented the mineralization of test material; whereas via literature review, it was found that the most of the studies on lignin degradation used biochemical composition analysis methodology but C gaseous release was rarely concerned (Tuomela et al, 2000): such as studies carried out by Eklind and Kirchmann (2000a) and Francou et al(2008). Only limited studies analyzed both decomposing material and evolution of CO 2 (Tuomela et al, 2001, Francou et al, 2008.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Degli-Innocenti et al, 1998) b. , Jayasekara et al, 2003 c. (Francou et al, 2008) d. (Eklind and Kirchmann, 2000a) e. (Tuomela et al, 2000, Tuomela et al, 2001 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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supporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Degli-Innocenti et al, 1998) b. , Jayasekara et al, 2003 c. (Francou et al, 2008) d. (Eklind and Kirchmann, 2000a) e. (Tuomela et al, 2000, Tuomela et al, 2001 …”

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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Anterograde balloon valvuloplasty for the treatment of neonatal critical valvar aortic stenosis

Peuster

Fink

Schoof

et al. 2002

Cathet Cardio Intervent

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We report our experience with anterograde balloon valvuloplasty in 17 neonates treated between November 1996 and June 2001 for critical aortic stenosis. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were excluded. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty of the aortic valve was possible in all 17 patients. The mean peak systolic gradient prior to cardiac catheterization was 73 mm Hg (range, 30-117 mm Hg) and decreased to 37 mm Hg (range, 21-60 mm Hg) after the dilation. Aortic regurgitation after balloon valvoplasty was absent or mild in 14/17 patients, moderate in 2 patients, and severe in 1 patient. There was no mortality or echocardiographic evidence for aortic cusp perforation or mitral regurgitation associated with the procedure. Redilation was necessary in 3/17 patients. Two patients are awaiting elective Ross operation. One patient with endocardial fibroelastosis died at 11 months of age. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty can be safely and effectively performed to palliate neonates with critical aortic valve stenosis.

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Aeration improvement in fed batch composting of vegetable and fruit wastes

2008

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Vegetable and fruit wastes amended with sawdust and urea were composted in a laboratory scale reactor by controlling a waste feeding rate of 21 g L day21 under proper conditions of composting. Effects of aeration, agitation, and initial waste-to-sawdust ratio on enhancing organic matter degradation and process performance in fed batch composting were investigated. During the feeding stage, rapid increase in moisture content and lowest removal of dry mass (0.28-0.30 g g 21 day 21) were observed at all aeration rates without agitation at a waste-to-sawdust ratio of 1:1.5. As the amount of sawdust was doubled, the water released was not only absorbed by waste matrix efficiently, resulted in the highest dry mass removal and total amount of new waste addition, but also demonstrated the substantial N loss (54-71%). The results revealed that the initial waste-to-sawdust ratio and agitation mode indeed influenced the performance of the fed batch composting (feeding stage) as indicated by a higher percentage of dry mass removal (34-59%) and larger free air space in compost matrix were determined. Adoption of a large amount of sawdust and agitation mode is recommended for maintaining stable degradation and enhancing fed batch composting under continuous aeration at a rate of 10.62-21.24 L m 23 min 21.

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Composting and storage of organic household waste with different litter amendments. I: carbon turnover

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Anterograde balloon valvuloplasty for the treatment of neonatal critical valvar aortic stenosis

Aeration improvement in fed batch composting of vegetable and fruit wastes

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