Compost and Geneva® series rootstocks increase young ‘Gala’ apple tree growth and change root-zone microbial communities

Thompson, Ashley A.; Williams, Mark A.; Peck, Gregory M.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108573

Cited by 12 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…FERT had a similar bacterial community to the CON treatment, and therefore we conclude that this treatment had a weak impact on the bacterial community. However, both CL and YW compost altered the rhizosphere bacterial communities, most likely because of the high carbon and nutrient content of these amendments (Thompson et al, 2019). The rootstock × fertilizer interaction F I G U R E 5 Principal component analysis (PCA) ordination of the normalized KEGG orthologous genes on the predicted prokaryotic functional profile in the rhizosphere of from soil in which 'Gala' apple trees grafted onto 'Geneva 41' or 'Malling 9' rootstocks were treated with 40 kg N ha −1 from either chicken litter (CL), yardwaste (YW), or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fertigation (FERT), or a nonfertilized control (CON) in Winchester, VA. Data represent the mean of the two rootstock treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil nutrients and physiochemical measurements, which were originally published in Thompson et al (2019), were highly correlated to the changes in the rhizosphere bacterial communities, soil microbial biomass, and leaf nutrients (Table 1).…”

Section: Soil and Leaf Physiochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mantel tests were used to calculate the correlations between the soil, leaf profiles, soil biological properties presented in Supplemental Tables S2-S5, and rhizosphere communities using the vegan package in R (Oksanen et al, 2019). These data were originally published in Thompson et al (2019). To identify the relationship between the different physiochemical and biological parameters and the rhizosphere communities, their vectors were fitted into a nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of rhizosphere distance matrix using the envfit() function in vegan.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere

Sharaf

Thompson

Williams

et al. 2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Sustainable practices are key to the improvement of soil fertility and quality in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchards. Rootstock genotype and fertilizer inputs can alter soil biology, as well as aboveground traits including nutrient acquisition. In this study, a factorial design was used to assess the interaction between two apple rootstocks, 'Geneva 41' ('G.41') and 'Malling 9' ('M.9') with four fertilizer treatments [chicken-litter compost, yardwaste compost, fertigation using Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , and an unamended control]. The bacterial community in the rhizosphere was assessed for its impact on both plant and soil properties for each rootstock × fertilizer treatment combination. The bacterial community was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes, but Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most responsive to the fertilizer treatments. The chicken litter and yardwaste treatments had a greater effect on bacterial community structure than the control. Yardwaste, in particular, was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations. Malling 9 had a greater bacterial diversity than G.41, but the rootstock treatment had no independent effect on the rhizosphere community structure. There was, however, a strong interaction between the rootstock and fertilizer treatments. Carbon cycling was the most prominent functional change associated with the soil bacterial community. These results suggest that compost amendments have a more positive effect on soil bacterial activity and nutrient availability than Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Our work shows that waste-stream amendments can lead to multiple positive responses, such as increasing aboveground tree biomass, thus potentially improving orchard productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil and Leaf Physiochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere

Sharaf

Thompson

Williams

et al. 2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…interactions between the plant and the surrounding ecosystem (Thompson et al, 2019). Most successful high-density apple orchards are established using dwarfing rootstocks such as 'M.9', 'M.26EMLA', or 'B.9' (Webster, 1995), but these rootstocks lack winterhardiness, except for 'B.9', are susceptible to Phytophthora spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Reig¹,

Lordan²,

Hoying³

et al. 2020

horts

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We conducted a large (0.8 ha) field experiment of system × rootstock, using Super Chief Delicious apple as cultivar at Yonder farm in Hudson, NY, between 2007 and 2017. In this study, we compared six Geneva® rootstocks (‘G.11’, ‘G.16’, ‘G.210’, ‘G.30’, ‘G.41’, and ‘G.935’) with one Budagovsky (‘B.118’) and three Malling rootstocks (‘M.7EMLA’, ‘M.9T337’ and ‘M.26EMLA’). Trees on each rootstock were trained to four high-density systems: Super Spindle (SS) (5382 apple trees/ha), Tall Spindle (TS) (3262 apple trees/ha), Triple Axis Spindle (TAS) (2243 apple trees/ha), and Vertical Axis (VA) (1656 apple trees/ha). Rootstock and training system interacted to influence growth, production, and fruit quality. When comparing systems, SS trees were the least vigorous but much more productive on a per hectare basis. Among the rootstocks we evaluated, ‘B.118’ had the largest trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), followed by ‘G.30’ and ‘M.7EMLA’, which were similar in size but they did not differ statistically from ‘G.935’. ‘M.9T337’ was the smallest and was significantly smaller than most of the other rootstocks but it did not differ statistically from ‘G.11’, ‘G.16’, ‘G.210’, ‘G.41’, and ‘M.26EMLA’. Although ‘B.118’ trees were the largest, they had low productivity, whereas the second largest rootstock ‘G.30’ was the most productive on a per hectare basis. ‘M.9’ was the smallest rootstock and failed to adequately fill the space in all systems except the SS, and had low cumulative yield. The highest values for cumulative yield efficiency (CYE) were with ‘G.210’ for all training systems except for VA, where ‘M.9T337’ had the highest value. The lowest values were for all training systems with ‘B.118’ and ‘M.7EMLA’. Regardless of the training system, ‘M.7EMLA’ trees had the highest number of root suckers. Some fruit quality traits were affected by training system, rootstock or system × rootstock combination.

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“…Soil rhizosphere microbial communities play an important role in plant growth. For instance, different fertilization treatments change soil microbial communities and affect apples growth (Thompson et al, 2019). Moreover, soil microbial communities improve the resistance to the invasion of fungi (Li et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Free Fermentation Broth of Bacillus velezensis Strain S3-1 Improves Pak Choi Nutritional Quality and Changes the Bacterial Community Structure of the Rhizosphere Soil

Jin

Lin

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Bacillus velezensis is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that has long been proven to improve the growth of plants, and it has been widely used in agriculture. However, in many reports, we observed that during the application of bacterial fluids, it appeared that the effect of the cell-free fermentation broth (CFB) was ignored. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of the no inoculation treatment (CK), the B. velezensis strain S3-1 treatment (S), the CFB treatment in the Pak choi, soil bacterial community structure, soil enzyme activity, and field soil properties. The results have shown that, compared to the inoculation B. velezensis strain S3-1 treatment and the no-inoculation treatment; the inoculation of the CFB treatment can significantly enhance the soluble protein, soluble solids, ascorbic acid of Pak choi and increase the total phosphorus content and electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil. Based on high-throughput sequencing data, our analysis of soil microbial communities used R, NETWORK, and PICRUSt showed that the CFB treatment can enhance the relative abundance of Acidobacteria in the soil, decrease the abundance of native Bacillus in the soil, change the microbial community structure of the top 50 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and improve soil microbial carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. Overall, we observed that CFB treatment can also improve plant nutrition and change soil microbial communities. This study provides new insights for the application of microbial fertilizers in agricultural production.

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Compost and Geneva® series rootstocks increase young ‘Gala’ apple tree growth and change root-zone microbial communities

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere

Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere

Long-term Performance of ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees Grafted on Geneva® Rootstocks and Trained to Four High-density Systems under New York State Climatic Conditions

Cell-Free Fermentation Broth of Bacillus velezensis Strain S3-1 Improves Pak Choi Nutritional Quality and Changes the Bacterial Community Structure of the Rhizosphere Soil

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