Compositional zoning in sphalerite crystals

Benedetto, Francesco Di; Bernardini, G. P.; Costagliola, Pilario; Plant, D. A.; Vaughan, David J.

doi:10.2138/am.2005.1754

Cited by 100 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is generally believed that this compositional zoning is a growth phenomenon, controlled in part by competition between Zn and other cations for surface sites (Di Benedetto et al 2005a). Differences in Fe zoning behaviour have also been observed depending on the presence or absence of Mn (Pattrick et al 1998;Di Benedetto et al 2005a). Additional factors that influence the uptake of Fe by sphalerite include temperature and sulphur fugacity, with high sulphur fugacity being linked to increased Fe 3+ charge compensation for Zn vacancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

Wright

Gale

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Abstract.Quantum mechanical techniques, based on density functional theory, have been used to study the distribution of iron impurities in sphalerite (ZnS) at compositions ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 mol% FeS. Our results show that iron is most easily incorporated by direct substitution onto the zinc site and that energies for solution reactions involving FeS are exothermic when the system is zinc deficient. Furthermore, there appears to be a small driving force for the formation of bound Fe-Fe pairs at low iron concentrations, though there is no particular preference found for larger clusters of iron. The influence of iron on the sphalerite cell parameter is shown to be sensitive to the presence of Fe-Fe pairs and to the degree of sample non-stoichiometry.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

Wright

Gale

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…The issue of coloration variability and compositional zoning in sphalerites from MVT deposits was studied by many authors (Roedder & Dwornik 1968;HubickaPtasińskia et al 1983;Axelsson & Rodushkin 2001;Di Benedetto et al 2005). Organic compounds in very low concentrations can cause intense colors, however, despite the common occurrence of the organic matter as inclusions in sphalerites from MVT deposits (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphalerite, the cubic polymorph of ZnS, exhibits a wide range of compositional variations in natural specimens (Pattrick et al 1993;Axelsson and Rodushkin 2001;Di Benedetto et al 2005) where other metal cations can replace Zn in the tetrahedral site. One consequence is that sphalerite is the major source not only of Zn, but also of Cd, In, Ge, and Ga.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Matter on the Color of Sphalerite from the Silesia-Cracow Lead-Zinc Deposits, Poland

Rybicki¹

2012

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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Abstract. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sphalerite samples from lead and zinc mines of the Silesian-Cracow region were studied in terms of the effect of organic matter on their coloration. The results indicate no correlation between the abundance and chemical composition of organic matter and sphalerite coloration. TOC values for investigated samples are in the range of 0.5-1.28%. A basic feature characterizing all samples is very similar distribution of n-alkanes, with a predominance of short-chain n-alkanes (from n-C 13 to n-C 21 ) over long-chain n-alkanes (from n-C 25 to n-C 35 ). Among the isoprenoids pristane dominates over phytane (Pr/Ph ratio in one sample is even 8.95), which does not correspond to previous studies (Karwowski et al. 2001) and may be due to the multi-source nature of organic matter present in sphalerite inclusions from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb deposits. The occurrence of hopanes with 17β,21β(H) stereochemistry indicates a low maturity of test samples.

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“…1). Sphalerite almost always contains some iron as well as other metal substitutions for the zinc in the structure, so much so that sphalerite is a major ore for Zn as well as Cd, In, Ge, and Ga (Benedetto, 2005). Natural sphalerite has been reported with metal substitutions including individual substitutions of up to 26 percent Fe, 5.8 percent Mn, or 1.7 percent Cd as well as numerous other elements including Pb, Cu, Hg, In, Ga, Tl, Au, Ag, Sb, and Sn (Palache and others, 1961).…”

Section: Sulfide Mineral-sphalerite (Zns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoned sphalerite may generate cyclic metal releases during weathering reflecting each zone's chemistry. An example of cyclic release can be found in Benedetto (2005) who reported high iron-low manganese followed by low iron-high manganese releases.…”

Section: Sulfide Mineral-sphalerite (Zns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals

Driscoll¹,

Hageman²,

Benzel³

et al. 2014

Open-File Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Driscoll, R.L., Hageman, P.L., Benzel, W.M., Diehl, S.F., Morman, Suzette, Choate, L.M., and Lowers, Heather, 2014, Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1309. ISSN 2331ISSN -1258 Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. AbstractThis assessment focused on five zinc-bearing minerals. The minerals were subjected to a number of analyses including quantitative X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, leaching tests, and bioaccessibility and toxicity studies. Like a previous comprehensive assessment of five copper-bearing minerals, the purpose of this assessment was to obtain structural and chemical information and to characterize the reactivity of each mineral to various simulated environmental and biological conditions. As in the copper minerals study, analyses were conducted consistent with widely accepted methods. Unless otherwise noted, analytical methods used for this study were identical to those described in the investigation of copper-bearing minerals.Two sphalerite specimens were included in the zinc-minerals set. One sphalerite was recovered from a mine in Balmat, New York; the second came from a mine in Creede, Colorado. The location and conditions of origin are significant because, as analyses confirmed, the two sphalerite specimens are quite different. For example, data acquired from a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) study indicate that the hydrothermally formed Creede sphalerite contains orders of magnitude higher arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead than the much older metamorphic Balmat sphalerite. The SGF and other experimental results contained in this report suggest that crystallizing conditions such as temperature, pressure, fluidization, or alteration processes significantly affect mineral properties-properties that, in turn, influence reactivity, solubility, and toxicity.The three remaining minerals analyzed for this report-smithsonite, hemimorphite, and hydrozincite-are all secondary minerals or alteration products of zinc-ore deposits. In addition, all share physical characteristics such as tenacity, density, streak, and cleavage. Similarities end there. The chemical composition, unit-cell parameters, acid-neutralizing potential, and other observable and quantifiable properties indic...

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Compositional zoning in sphalerite crystals

Cited by 100 publications

References 49 publications

A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

A first principles study of the distribution of iron in sphalerite

Effect of Organic Matter on the Color of Sphalerite from the Silesia-Cracow Lead-Zinc Deposits, Poland

Assessment of the geoavailability of trace elements from selected zinc minerals

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