Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen

Hong, Eun-Sik; Kim, Jihyun; So, Hee-Jin; Park, Eun‐Ah; Kim, Hwang-Phill; Lee, Jeung Hee; Shin, Jung‐Ah; Lee, Ki‐Teak

doi:10.3390/molecules27196250

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, a chemosynthetic EPl molecular species, C18:0–C18:1, stimulates the secretion of both LH and FSH from cultured bovine AP cells (Kadokawa et al, 2022). Therefore, we must consider these differences by taking each species' living environment into account (Hong et al, 2022; Kato & Perrin, 2018; Murase et al, 2015; Takahashi et al, 2022; Watanabe et al, 2012) and EPl molecular species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed differences in EPl molecular species may be caused by factors related to the environment, water or land, temperature, amount of oxygen, metabolism, and feed (Hong et al, 2022; Kato & Perrin, 2018; Murase et al, 2015; Takahashi et al, 2022; Watanabe et al, 2012). Orally supplied plasmalogens are adsorbed from the intestine via various mechanisms to rapidly increase plasmalogen in both the blood and brain for various crucial roles (Nishimukai et al, 2003; Smith et al, 2022; Takahashi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, their lifespan is very long (159–211 years) (Johnson et al, 2019), and female whales retain their reproductive function for more than 50 years without menopause (Ellis et al, 2017; Foote, 2008). These important species differences may be caused by different amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in foods, different intestinal microorganisms, and different amount of oxidative stress (Hong et al, 2022; Kato & Perrin, 2018; Murase et al, 2015; Takahashi et al, 2022; Watanabe et al, 2012). These factors also affect gene expression in important organs; different kinds of gene expression may have resulted in the speciation that created cattle and whales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The abundant, scallop‐unique EPl molecular species contain four, five, or six unsaturated double bonds in the carbon chain at the sn‐2 position. Because of the higher amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the food of whales, as well as the lower amount of oxidative stress in whales (Hong et al, 2022; Kato & Perrin, 2018; Murase et al, 2015; Takahashi et al, 2022; Watanabe et al, 2012), we tested the hypothesis that whale brain EPls have different stimulatory effects on FSH and LH secretion by bovine gonadotrophs as compared to bovine brain EPls. Subsequently, 2D LC–MS was used to obtain deeper insights into the EPl molecular species present in the whale brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the higher amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the food of whales, as well as the lower amount of oxidative stress in whales (Hong et al, 2022;Kato & Perrin, 2018;Murase et al, 2015;Takahashi et al, 2022;Watanabe et al, 2012), we tested the hypothesis that whale brain EPls have different stimulatory effects on FSH and LH secretion by bovine gonadotrophs as compared to bovine brain EPls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ethanolamine plasmalogens derived from whale brain stimulate both follicle‐stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion by bovine gonadotrophs

Saito

Bando²,

Kotaniguchi³

et al. 2023

Animal Science Journal

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Ethanolamine plasmalogens (EPls) are the only known ligands of a novel receptor, G protein‐coupled receptor 61, and bovine brain EPls stimulate follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) but not luteinizing hormone (LH), secreted by bovine gonadotrophs. We hypothesized that the brain EPls of whales (Balaenoptera edeni), another Cetartiodactyla with at least twice the lifespan of bovines, could stimulate FSH secretion by gonadotrophs. To test this hypothesis, bovine gonadotrophs (from approximately 2‐year‐old Japanese Black heifers) were cultured for 3.5 days and treated with increasing concentrations of brain EP1s from whales (approximately 22 years old). FSH and LH secretion was stimulated by all tested concentrations of whale EPls (p < 0.05). To clarify the important differences between bovine and whale EPls, we utilized two‐dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which revealed 35 peaks. Among them, we observed significant differences between 12 EPl molecular species. Additionally, we identified differentially expressed genes for enzymes involved in EPl synthesis or degradation in the hypothalamus of young heifers and old cows (approximately 10 years old) as compared to whales (approximately 28 years old) via deep sequencing of the transcriptome. We conclude that whale brains contain unique EPls that stimulate both FSH and LH secretion by bovine gonadotrophs.

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