Compositional study of IIIrd century BC silver coins from Kreshpan hoard (Albania) using EDXRF spectrometry

Civici, Nikolla; Gjongecaj, Sh.; Stamati, Frederik; Dilo, Teuta; Pavlidou, E.; Polychroniadis, E.K.; Šmit, Ž.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.079

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In order to avoid possible surface heterogeneities, two EDXRF measurements, one for each side of the coin, were performed on the flat bright regions of all the coins. This method of measurements has been previously reported in other works [20][21][22].…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The logical strong negative correlation between Ag and Cu indicates the binary composition of silver-based coins and the deliberate controlled addition of this last metal in the batch used for the manufacturing of the coins. Copper has been added to debase the silver coins and save the more expensive silver or to increase the strength, hardness and wear-resistance of silver [20][21]25]. On the other side, if we focus our attention in the silver and lead contents of the coins, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Catalonian silver coins from the Spanish War of Independence period (1808–1814) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Pitarch

Queralt

Álvarez-Pérez

2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Catalonian silver coins from the Spanish War of Independence period (1808–1814) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Pitarch

Queralt

Álvarez-Pérez

2011

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…3) revealed the presence of the elements Ag, Cu, O, Si and Cl (Table 2). The presence of about 3.5 wt% Pb was detected at the back of ring B (Table 2); such a lead concentration is most likely related to the extraction process of the silver from lead by cupellation refining process1636.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EDS is a surface technique; therefore, surface measurements of ancient silver objects may not provide reliable information of the bulk composition, due to tarnish layers, corrosion, oxide layers, conservation treatments, cleaning residues, and silver enrichment of the surface1618192021365354. Therefore, in order to achieve an optimal (relatively quantitative) SEM-EDS chemical analysis that will represent the bulk of the object, it is essential to understand the limitations of the EDS measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper is considered a main alloying element commonly found in silver jewellery; and the presence of more than 2.6 wt% Cu suggests that the copper was intentionally added to the silver353637. Copper, widely used as a melting-point depressant, diffuses easily in silver, and is therefore frequently applied as a joining material (filler metal) of silver components2434.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metallurgical investigation on fourth century BCE silver jewellery of two hoards from Samaria

Ashkenazi

Gitler²,

Stern

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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A fourth century BCE silver jewellery collection, which is part of two hoards of Samarian coins (the Samaria and Nablus Hoards), was studied by non-destructive analyses. The collection, which consists of pendants, rings, beads and earrings, had been examined by visual testing, multi-focal microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis. In order to enhance our knowledge of past technologies of silver jewellery production, we developed a metallurgical methodology based on the chemical composition of the joints and bulk. The results show that all artefacts are made of silver containing a small percentage of copper. Higher copper concentrations were measured in the joining regions. Our research indicates that the manufacturing of the jewellery from both hoards involved similar techniques, including casting, cutting, hammering, bending, granulating and joining methods, indicating that the artefacts were made by trained silversmiths. Although the burial date of the Samaria Hoard – 352 BCE – is some 21 years earlier than that of the Nablus Hoard – circa 331 BCE, a noted continuity in the local production technology is apparent in the analysed items. This information provides better understanding of the technological abilities in the late Persian-period province of Samaria and bears implications on the local silver coins produced in the region.

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Examination and analysis of Indian silver punch‐marked coins employing WD‐XRF and other noninvasive techniques

Mamania¹,

Singh

Lal³

2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The archaeometallurgical analysis of ancient silver coins provides useful information regarding fabrication methodology, provenance, and trade route and explains large diversification in elementary composition, weight, and physical features. The present investigation deals with the chemical analysis and examination of the processing history of Indian punch-marked silver coins dating to 400-200 BC. The chemical analysis was carried out by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The microstructural examination was performed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and different phases were identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) Spectroscopy. It was observed that all eight coins were manufactured with silvercopper alloy. The ore used for obtaining silver was argentiferous galena, and cupellation was carried with perfection. The absence of slag inclusions as revealed by SEM examination indicated that coins (numbers 2, 4, 5, and 7) were cast from a molten state. The presence of Cu 2 O, CuO, and Ag 2 O on the surfaces of the coins was confirmed by XRD.The formed oxide layers provided protection and saved the coins from bulky corrosion products. The data reveal great divergence of coin surface from the composition of the core with the far better metallurgical process for refining of silver for this hoard.

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Compositional study of IIIrd century BC silver coins from Kreshpan hoard (Albania) using EDXRF spectrometry

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Analysis of Catalonian silver coins from the Spanish War of Independence period (1808–1814) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Analysis of Catalonian silver coins from the Spanish War of Independence period (1808–1814) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Metallurgical investigation on fourth century BCE silver jewellery of two hoards from Samaria

Examination and analysis of Indian silver punch‐marked coins employing WD‐XRF and other noninvasive techniques

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