Compositional studies on Transylvanian gold nuggets: Advantages and limitations of PIXE–PIGE analysis

Bugoi, Roxana; Cojocaru, V.; Constantinescu, B.; Calligaro, Thomas; Pichon, Laurent; Röhrs, Stefan; Salomon, J.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.044

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The detailed description of the employed experimental setups, as well as the previously reported results, can be found in Bugoi et al (2008) and Constantinescu et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dacian bracelets and Transylvanian gold: ancient history and modern analyses

Constantinescu¹,

Bugoi²,

Cojocaru³

et al. 2009

archeosciences

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Bogdan Constantinescu*, Roxana Bugoi*, Viorel Cojocaru*, Martin Radtke**, Thomas Calligaro***, Joseph Salomon***, Laurent Pichon***, Stefan Röhrs***, Daniele Ceccato****, Ernest Oberländer-Târnoveanu*****, Corine Ionescu****** and Dana Pop******* Abstract:The recovery of the Dacian gold bracelets was the most thrilling archaeological event of the last years in Romania. The artefacts are exhibited in the Historical Treasure section of the National History Museum of Romania, Bucharest, being recovered from the international antique markets through a concerted effort of the Romanian, French, and German authorities. This paper reviews the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses carried out on these exquisite artefacts. These measurements followed the visual examination of qualified experts, which concluded that the gold spiralled bracelets showed strong stylistic similarities with the Dacian silver bracelets discovered until that date in archaeological contexts.Since the most likely source -for geographical and historical reasons -for the metal used to manufacture these artefacts was the Transylvanian Apuseni mountains, additional measurements on several fragments of natural Transylvanian gold, both from placers and primary deposits, were performed using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SR-XRF) at the BESSY synchrotron, Berlin, and micro Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) at the AGLAE accelerator, Paris, and at the AN2000 accelerator of LNL, Padova. The conclusion of this study was that the recovered spirals are genuine Dacian artefacts, made by cold hammering, chiselling and punching Transylvanian unrefined gold -gold panned from riverbeds mixed with primary gold, most likely extracted from surface veins. Résumé : La saisie des bracelets en or de Dacie a été un des événements archéologiques les plus remarquables de ces dernières années en

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“…The detailed description of the employed experimental setups, as well as the previously reported results, can be found in Bugoi et al (2008) and Constantinescu et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigations started with the gold sourcesprimary and secondary -located closest to the places where the artefacts were found (results reported in Bugoi et al, 2008), and continued with other Transylvanian gold sources (see Neacşu et al, 2009 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dacian bracelets and Transylvanian gold: ancient history and modern analyses

Constantinescu¹,

Bugoi²,

Cojocaru³

et al. 2009

archeosciences

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“…This last feature is mainly due to the adoption of external beam setup, where both detectors and sample are maintained out of vacuum, thus avoiding/limiting effects such as heating, selective sublimation/evaporation, charging etc. This technique has been used for CH to study many different samples, such as paintings [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], metal point drawings [35,36], precious [37][38][39][40] and semi-precious stones [41][42][43][44][45], ancient coins [46][47][48], precious metals [49][50][51][52], ancient bronze statues [53,54], terracotta, pottery, and clay [55][56][57][58][59], and ancient manuscripts [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: X-ray Detectors-pixementioning

confidence: 99%

Detectors and Cultural Heritage: The INFN-CHNet Experience

et al. 2021

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Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAΦNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors.

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“…These alloys were provided by the organ builders, and the nominal compositions were tested using the PIXE ( particle-induced X-ray emission) technique at the AGLAE tandem accelerator (Dran et al, 2004;Bugoi et al, 2008) of the C2RMF (Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France) located in the basement of the Louvre Museum. The accelerator has a 3 MeV proton beam, extracted into air.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Experiments Were Performed With a Comentioning

confidence: 99%