Compositional Heterogeneity of Hailstones: Atmospheric Conditions and Possible Environmental Implications

Martínez‐Frías, Jesús

doi:10.1579/0044-7447-30.7.452

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition to causing destruction to property, including businesses and homes, and damages in electricity transmission networks [6][7][8][9]. Hail precipitation is characterized by irregularly shaped falling ice pellets during convective thunderstorms [10]. Hail formation occurs due to interactions between updrafts in convective clouds and supercooled liquid water [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar, Lightning, and Synoptic Observations for a Thunderstorm on 7 January 2012 during the CHUVA-Vale Campaign

Ribeiro,

Mattos,

Reboita

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Thunderstorms can generate intense electrical activity, hail, and result in substantial economic and human losses. The development of very short-term forecasting tools (nowcasting) is essential to provide information to alert systems in order to mobilize most efficiently the population. However, the development of nowcasting tools depends on a better understanding of the physics and microphysics of clouds and lightning formation and evolution. In this context, the objectives of this study are: (a) to describe the environmental conditions that led to a genesis of a thunderstorm that produce hail on 7 January 2012, in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) during the CHUVA-Vale campaign, and (b) to evaluate the thunderstorm microphysical properties and vertical structure of electrical charge. Data from different sources were used: field campaign data, such as S-band radar, and 2- and 3-dimensional lightning networks, satellite data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13 (GOES-13), the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), and reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5 (ERA5). The thunderstorm developed in a region of low-pressure due to the presence of a near-surface inverted trough and moisture convergence, which favored convection. Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) of 1053.6 J kg−1 at the start of the thunderstorm indicated that strong convective energy was present. Microphysical variables such as Vertically Integrated Liquid water content (VIL) and Vertically Integrated Ice (VII) showed peaks of 140 and 130 kg m−2, respectively, before the hail reached the surface, followed by a decrease, indicating content removal from within the clouds to the ground surface. The thunderstorm charge structure evolved from a dipolar structure (with a negative center between 4 and 6 km and a positive center between 8 and 10 km) to a tripolar structure (negative center between 6 and 7.5 km) in the most intense phase. The first lightning peak (100 flashes in 5 min−1) before the hail showed that there had been a lightning jump. The maximum lightning occurred around 18:17 UTC, with approximately 350 flashes 5 min−1 with values higher than 4000 sources 500 m−1 in 5 min−1. Likewise, the vertical cross-sections indicated that the lightning occurred ahead of the thunderstorm’s displacement (maximum reflectivity), which could be useful in predicting these events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar, Lightning, and Synoptic Observations for a Thunderstorm on 7 January 2012 during the CHUVA-Vale Campaign

Ribeiro,

Mattos,

Reboita

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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“…Previous contributions to the knowledge of megacryometeors have focused on the study of their textures (zones of 'massive ice', large isolated cavities, millimetre-sized oriented air bubbles and ice layering) and their hydrochemistry and isotopic composition, all of them evidencing a complex history of growth in the atmosphere (Martínez-Frías et al 2000, 2001, 2005Santoyo et al 2002;Martínez-Frías & Delgado 2006;Orellana et al 2008). To the best of our knowledge, no spectroscopic studies have been performed on these megacryometeors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of extremely large atmospheric ice conglomerations (megacryometeors)

Rull

Delgado

Martínez‐Frías

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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For the first time, micro-Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the structural study of four megacryometeors (extremely large atmospheric ice conglomerations that fall in general under blue-sky atmospheric conditions) that fell in Spain. The Raman spectra taken on the megacryometeor cores have been compared with those obtained from an in situ and online study performed on the crystallization process of water in the laboratory. A detailed comparison of the band profiles obtained made it possible to place the formation of the megacryometeors within a particular range of temperatures (−10 to −20• C), which in turn can be related with the altitude of formation in the atmosphere. These results have also been compared with isotope concentrations (d 18 O and dD) previously obtained in these cores. The two sets of results show a close correlation.

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Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Signatures of Large Atmospheric Ice Conglomerations

et al. 2005

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Compositional Heterogeneity of Hailstones: Atmospheric Conditions and Possible Environmental Implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Radar, Lightning, and Synoptic Observations for a Thunderstorm on 7 January 2012 during the CHUVA-Vale Campaign

Radar, Lightning, and Synoptic Observations for a Thunderstorm on 7 January 2012 during the CHUVA-Vale Campaign

Micro-Raman spectroscopic study of extremely large atmospheric ice conglomerations (megacryometeors)

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Signatures of Large Atmospheric Ice Conglomerations

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