Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance

Faith, Daniel P.; Minchin, Peter R.; Belbin, Lee

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_6

Cited by 904 publications

(1,043 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We used multidimensional scaling method (MDS) (Faith et al, 1987) for the samples ordination in a twodimensional graphic expressing the compositional similarity relationships between samples. The similarity matrix was calculated using Jaccard distance over a presence/absence dataset in order to retain only the information about community composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value

Vieira

Silva

Louzada

2017

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. The Caatinga is an endemic and threatened dry-forest biome distributed across northern Brazil. We evaluated the conservation value of a Caatinga Natural Reserve (NR) -Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincorá -using Scarabaeinae dung beetles as a biodiversity indicator. Specifi cally, we contrasted two zones impacted by two distinct intensity of selective logging that happened inside the NR until 1997. Dung beetles were collected 14 years after logging, using baited pitfall traps within three main habitats (riparian forest, regenerating Caatinga or arboreal Caatinga) found in two zones (Preservation and Management Zones). A total of 1,214 individuals from 21 species were sampled. The two zones presented distinct species composition, although the habitats did not exhibit such diff erences. Our results indicated that the secondary areas are in a conservation status similar to arboreal Caatinga and riparian forest, 14 y after logging. Furthermore, we identifi ed seven habitat-indicator species, two of them typical to Caatinga biome, highlighting the importance of updates in NR management plan considering the Scarabaeinae regional diversity management. KEYWORDS.Floresta Nacional Contendas do Sincorá, xerophyte vegetation, management plan, Scarabaeinae.RESUMO. Escarabeíneos em uma Unidade de Conservação da Caatinga: uma fl oresta seca brasileira com alto valor biológico. A Caatinga é um bioma endêmico e ameaçado de fl oresta seca distribuída ao longo do Nordeste do Brasil. Nós avaliamos a importância conservacionista da unidade de conservação (UC) Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Contendas do Sincorá -utilizando besouros escarabeíneos como indicador da biodiversidade. Especifi camente, nós contrastamos duas zonas com diferentes intensidades de impacto por corte seletivo que ocorreu no território da UC até 1997. Os besouros foram coletados 14 anos após o término o corte seletivo, através de armadilhas tipo pitfall iscadas, em três habitats principais da UC (mata ciliar, Caatinga em regeneração e Caatinga arbórea) encontrados em duas zonas (Zona de Preservação e de Manejo). Um total de 1.214 indivíduos de 21 espécies foi amostrados. As duas zonas apresentaram composições de espécies distintas, entretanto os habitats não apresentaram tais diferenças. Nossos resultados indicam que as áreas secundárias estão em um estado de conservação similares às de Caatinga arbórea e mata ciliar após 14 anos de corte. Além disso, nós identifi camos sete espécies indicadoras de habitat, duas delas típicas do bioma da Caatinga, destacando a importância de reformulação do plano de manejo da UC considerando a manutenção da diversidade regional dos Scarabaeinae. PALAVRAS-CHAVE.Floresta Nacional Contendas do Sincorá, vegetação xerófi ta, plano de manejo, Scarabaeinae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value

Vieira

Silva

Louzada

2017

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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“…To compare the composition of hydrocarbons from eggs produced by females reared under SD and LD conditions from both temperate and tropical populations, peak areas from GC/MS output were quantified and converted to proportions and analysed using NMDS (Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling), a robust ordination technique (Minchin 1987). We used the proportion of each hydrocarbon to create a dissimilarity matrix among the following treatments using the BrayCurtis dissimilarity coefficient (Faith et al 1987): (i) LD versus SD samples from the temperate population, (ii) LD versus SD samples from the tropical population, and (iii) LD and SD samples from the temperate population versus LD and SD samples from the tropical population. We then tested for differences between treatments using ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity, Warwick et al 1990) with 1000 permutations.…”

Section: (A) Est Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

et al. 2010

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Photoperiodic diapause is a crucial adaptation to seasonal environmental variation in a wide range of arthropods, but relatively little is known regarding the molecular basis of this important trait. In temperate populations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, exposure to short-day (SD) lengths causes the female to produce diapause eggs. Tropical populations do not undergo a photoperiodic diapause. We identified a fatty acyl coA elongase transcript that is more abundant under SD versus long-day (LD) photoperiods in mature oocyte tissue of replicate temperate, but not tropical, A. albopictus populations. Fatty acyl CoA elongases are involved in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids (hydrocarbon precursors). Diapause eggs from a temperate population had one-third more surface hydrocarbons and one-half the water loss rates of non-diapause eggs. Eggs from a tropical population reared under SD and LD photoperiods did not differ in surface hydrocarbon abundance or water loss rates. In both a temperate and tropical population, composition of hydrocarbon chain lengths did not differ between eggs from SD versus LD conditions. These results implicate the expression of fatty acyl coA elongase and changes in quantity, but not composition, of egg surface hydrocarbons as important components of increased desiccation resistance during diapause in A. albopictus.

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“…The genetic distance for each pair of the accessions was calculated as the Manhattan metric. The genetic diversity within a group was evaluated by averaging the Manhattan metrics (Faith et al 1987). A UPGMA tree was constructed using the computer software R (http://www.r-project.org/).…”

Section: Aflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of an Afghan wheat collection based on morphological variation, HMW glutenin subunit polymorphisms, and AFLP

et al. 2009

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To reveal the genetic properties of an Afghan wheat collection maintained in Kyoto University, variations in morphological character and HMW glutenin subunit composition were investigated in 410 Afghan wheat accessions together with 65 accessions of Iranian and Pakistani wheat. The majority of the samples had primitive morphological characteristics, namely, tall plant height and lax spikes with a spelt head. The most frequent combination of HMW glutenin subunit was Glu-A1c (encoding subunit null), Glu-B1b (7 + 8), and Glu-D1a (2 + 12). Alleles preferable for modern breeding such as Glu-B1c and Glu-D1d were rare in our samples. Consequently, we concluded that the Afghan wheat accessions investigated in this study have genetic characteristics typical of landraces. As for their genetic diversity, the level of variation in the HMW glutenin subunit in Afghanistan was found to be equal to or lower than that in the neighboring countries. The largest variation was observed in Western Iran and Pakistan. AFLP analysis using 91 representative accessions also showed a comparatively low level of diversity in Afghanistan. These results suggest that a decrease in genetic diversity has occurred in Afghanistan. A novel HMW glutenin subunit (2.8) was found in this study, indicating the potential usefulness of Afghan landraces for wheat breeding.

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Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance

Cited by 904 publications

References 29 publications

Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value

Dung beetles in a Caatinga Natural Reserve: a threatened Brazilian dry-forest with high biological value

The molecular physiology of increased egg desiccation resistance during diapause in the invasive mosquito,Aedes albopictus

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of an Afghan wheat collection based on morphological variation, HMW glutenin subunit polymorphisms, and AFLP

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