Compositional Changes in the Vaginal Bacterial Microbiome of Healthy Pregnant Women across the Three Gestational Trimesters in Ismailia, Egypt

Amin, Mariam E.; Azab, Marwa; Hanora, Amro; Atwa, Khaled A.; Shabayek, Sarah

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11010139

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…CST IV-A contains a modest fraction of L. iners as well as anaerobic bacteria, where CST IV-B contains a significant amount of BVAB ( Gajer et al., 2012 ). It is worth noting that vaginal CSTs are changeable owing to menstruation, pregnancy, and sexual activity ( Amin et al., 2023 ). For example, Gardnerella and Ureaplasma are more abundant during the third trimester of a normal pregnancy than during the first and second trimesters, but this change corresponds with a high Lactobacillus abundance ( Park et al., 2022 ; Amin et al., 2023 ).…”

Section: Lactobacilli In the Vagina And Their Crucial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The vaginal microbiome is a distinct component of the human microbiome that is colonized by a wide variety of microorganisms. Lactobacilli are the most frequently identified microorganisms in the healthy human vagina. These Gram-positive bacilli can acidify the vaginal microenvironment, inhibit the proliferation of other pathogenic microorganisms, and promote the maintenance of a eubiotic vaginal microbiome. However, a vaginal flora with a reduced proportion or abundance of lactobacilli is associated with various vaginal infections that have been linked to serious health consequences such as infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature rupture of membranes, and miscarriage. Due to their “Generally Recognized as Safe” classification and critical role in vaginal health, probiotic lactobacilli have been widely used as an alternative or adjunct to traditional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of vaginal infections and restoration of the vaginal microbiome. This review focuses on the significant role of probiotic lactobacilli in the vaginal microenvironment and discusses the use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of female vaginal infections in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: Lactobacilli In the Vagina And Their Crucial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…In the same way, samples obtained during the pregnancy period showed that vaginal microbiota composition tends to modify, reflecting the changes in hormone level and typology. An increase in the phylum Firmicutes was observed from Trimester I to Trimester III, which characterizes the vaginal microbiota of healthy women [ 39 ]. Conversely, dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota during BV has been reported to be characterized by diverse bacterial taxa that belong to specific phyla, such as Fusobacteriota, Actinomytetota, Pseudomonodota, and Bacteroidota [ 40 ].…”

Section: The Crosstalk Between Microbiota and The Immune–endocrine Sy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota during BV has been reported to be characterized by diverse bacterial taxa that belong to specific phyla, such as Fusobacteriota, Actinomytetota, Pseudomonodota, and Bacteroidota [ 40 ]. Similarly, the vaginal microbiota of pre- and peri-menopausal women are mainly composed of the phylum Firmicutes , and the vaginal microbiota in post-menopausal women is confirmed to harbor mainly the phyla Pseudomonadota , Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: The Crosstalk Between Microbiota and The Immune–endocrine Sy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, age-related microbiota changes (dysbiosis) contribute to inflammation because long-term stimulation causes immune-senescence, rendering the host more sensitive to potentially harmful bacteria that, in turn, contributes to the higher rate of different pathological conditions in the elderly [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Modern Diet and Lactobacillus Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota and Chlamydia trachomatis as Crucial Co-Causative Factors in Cervical Cancer Genesis Procured by HPV

et al. 2023

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Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most common pathogens found in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and both are known to increase the risk of cervical cancer (CC) and infertility. HPV is extremely common worldwide, and scientists use it to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk genotypes. In addition, HPV transmission can occur via simple contact in the genital area. From 50 to 80% of sexually active individuals become infected with both C. trachomatis and HPV viruses during their lifetime, and up to 50% become infected with an HPV oncogenic genotype. The natural history of this coinfection is strongly conditioned by the balance between the host microbiome and immune condition and the infecting agent. Though the infection often regresses, it tends to persist throughout adult life asymptomatically and silently. The partnership between HPV and C. trachomatis is basically due to their similarities: common transmission routes, reciprocal advantages, and the same risk factors. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, similar to HPV, and an intracellular bacterium, which shows a unique biphasic development that helps the latter continue its steady progression into the host throughout the entire life. Indeed, depending on the individual’s immune condition, the C. trachomatis infection tends to migrate toward the upper genital tract and spread to the uterus, and the fallopian tubes open up a pathway to HPV invasion. In addition, most HPV and C. trachomatis infections related to the female genital tract are facilitated by the decay of the first line of defense in the vaginal environment, which is constituted by a healthy vaginal microbiome that is characterized by a net equilibrium of all its components. Thus, the aim of this paper was to highlight the complexity and fragility of the vaginal microenvironment and accentuate the fundamental role of all elements and systems involved, including the Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus crispatus) and the immune–endocrine system, in preserving it from oncogenic mutation. Therefore, age, diet, and genetic predisposition together with an unspecific, persistent low-grade inflammatory state were found to be implicated in a high frequency and severity grade of disease, potentially resulting in pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.

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Compositional Changes in the Vaginal Bacterial Microbiome of Healthy Pregnant Women across the Three Gestational Trimesters in Ismailia, Egypt

Cited by 2 publications

References 73 publications

Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations

Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations

Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota and Chlamydia trachomatis as Crucial Co-Causative Factors in Cervical Cancer Genesis Procured by HPV

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