Compositional Analysis of Oil Samples Implicated in the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome

Bernert, John T.; Kilbourne, Edwin M.; Akins, James R.; Паз, Мануел Посада де ла; Meredith, Nancy K.; Borda, Ignacio Abaitua; Wages, Sherry A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb05880.x

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…TOS-case samples were also analyzed by Bernert Jr. et al (1987) by an HPLC-UV method, but they could only quantify the 16:0, 18:l n-9 and 18:2 n-6 FAAs due to interferences in some samples with other oil components, so Figure 2 provides new information on the composition of FAAs in case-oils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authentic 10 case samples of TOS-associated oils (Bernert Jr. et al 1987) were kindly provided by Drs. M. Posada de la Paz and I. Abaitua, of the Fund for Health Research in Madrid, Spain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although most of the free aniline was effectively extracted during the refining processes, a significant part of it reacted with fatty acids yielding the corresponding fatty acid anilides (FAAs) (Guitart and Gelpí 1992). Although toxicological data on FAAs are very controversial, they had been proposed as the causative agents of the illness or, at least, are considered as the best markers of toxic oils (Bernert Jr. et al 1987;Kilbourne et al 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improved Analysis of Fatty Acid Anilides: Application to Toxic and to Aniline and Citric Acid-Containing Oils

Guitart

Guerrero

Mateo

1996

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Analysis of Fatty Acid Anilides: Application to Toxic and to Aniline and Citric Acid-Containing Oils

Guitart

Guerrero

Mateo

1996

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…Analysis of TOS case-related oils has shown that a number of contaminants were formed through the reaction between components of the oil and the aniline denaturant (Hill et al, 1995;Bernert et al, 1987). The BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY Biomed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐Line HPLC‐UV‐mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid delineation and characterization of differences in complex mixtures: a case study using toxic oil variants

Crow

Cragun

Johnson

et al. 2002

Biomedical Chromatography

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An integrated differential approach to the characterization of complex mixtures is presented which includes the targeting of liquid chromatography (LC) peaks for identification using characteristic UV adsorption of the LC peak, subsequent molecular weight and formula determination using accurate mass LC mass spectrometry (MS), and structure characterization using accurate mass LC-tandem mass spectrometry. The use of differential UV adsorption aids in narrowing the scope of the study to only specific peaks of interest. Accurate mass measurement of the molecular ion species provides molecular weight information as well as atomic composition information. The tandem MS (MS/MS) spectra provide fragmentation information which allows for structural characterization of each component. Accurate mass assignment of each of the fragment ions in the MS/MS spectrum provides atomic composition for each of the fragment ions and thus further aids in the structural characterization. These experiments are facilitated through the use of on-line LC-MS and LC-MS/MS with in-line UV detection. A synthetic toxic oil (STO) related to Toxic Oil Syndrome is studied with a focus on possible contaminants resulting from the interaction of aniline, used as a denaturant, with the normal components of the oil. A differential analysis between the STO and a control oil is performed. LC peaks were targeted using UV absorbance to indicate the possible presence of the aniline moiety. Further differential analysis was performed through the determination of the MS signals associated with each component separated on the LC. Finally, the MS/MS data was also used to determine if the fragmentation of the targeted components indicated the presence of aniline. The MS/MS and accurate mass data were used to assign the structures for the targeted components.

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“…To date, the causal toxic agent remains unknown, as many substances which could potentially be the causative compound have been found in the implicated oils (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Oil Syndrome: The Perspective after 20 Years

Паз

Philen

Borda

2001

Epidemiologic Reviews

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Toxic oil syndrome burst upon the scene in Spain in May of 1981, draining the resources of a newly evolving political and social medicine system. The vehicle of the causative toxic agent was identified as an illicit oil that had been diverted from industrial use and refined in order to remove the aniline denaturant, and that was sold in unlabeled 5-liter containers by itinerant salesmen. Over 20,000 people were ultimately affected, and over 1,200 deaths from all causes have been recorded in the affected cohort. The epidemiologic investigation of toxic oil syndrome involved all facets of investigative and analytical work; from visits to factories and interviewing workers, to sophisticated chemical and statistical analytical techniques. This investigation serves as a further illustration that data and information of all types, and from a wide range of fields, need to be systematically collected and evaluated in order to best resolve an epidemiologic mystery. Astute clinical observation of the patients, however, led to the hypothesis that toxic oil syndrome was a result of a toxic exposure. In this and other epidemics of unknown etiology, clinical observation and the intense scrutiny of patients' histories, signs, and symptoms by treating clinicians have often led to hypotheses that could be tested epidemiologically. When there are medical unknowns, the role of the astute clinician continues to be crucial. The toxic oil syndrome epidemic is an example of how even a developed country can be affected by a massive epidemic of environmental origin if failures occur in the systems that control and regulate the food supply or other consumer products. However, such failures could occur anywhere that large commercial networks operate on the regulatory edge, and if these business lack an in depth knowledge of the consequences of alterations in manufacturing conditions. Such was the case with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome as well, when apparently minor alterations in manufacturing conditions of L-tryptophan led to an increase in impurities in the product that were later associated with the illness. These risks are even greater in countries with few or inconsistent control systems, making the food and drug supply potential portals of entry for serious health hazards, as is further exemplified by the tragic episode of pediatric renal failure in Haiti associated with a legitimate consumer product, paracetamol elixir, that had been manufactured using a fraudulently supplied toxic ingredient, diethylene glycol (81). The potential toxicants in the adulterated rapeseed oil were present in extremely small amounts. If fatty acid anilides or related compounds are indeed the etiologic agents in toxic oil syndrome, then these compounds must be extremely toxic at the parts per million concentrations at which they were found. Further, the roles of causative agents in the development of disorders such as scleroderma, eosinophilic fasciitis, eosinophilic perimyositis, and other similar diseases are unknown, but scientists can speculate that ...

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Compositional Analysis of Oil Samples Implicated in the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Improved Analysis of Fatty Acid Anilides: Application to Toxic and to Aniline and Citric Acid-Containing Oils

Improved Analysis of Fatty Acid Anilides: Application to Toxic and to Aniline and Citric Acid-Containing Oils

On‐Line HPLC‐UV‐mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid delineation and characterization of differences in complex mixtures: a case study using toxic oil variants

Toxic Oil Syndrome: The Perspective after 20 Years

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