Compositional analysis of muscle in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using MR imaging

Marden, Franklin A.; Connolly, Anne M.; Siegel, Marilyn J.; Rubin, David A.

doi:10.1007/s00256-004-0825-3

Cited by 129 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the success of such a strategy depends on a perfect control of brown adipocyte differentiation, to avoid the emergence of white adipocytes from transplanted cells. Indeed, the muscle niche might be more adequate to sustain white than brown adipocyte differentiation, as revealed by the fatty infiltration observed in the muscle of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reservoir of Brown Adipocyte Progenitors in Human Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2008

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Brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) plays a major role in the control of energy balance in rodents. It has long been thought, however, that there is no physiologically relevant UCP1 expression in adult humans. In this study we show, using an original approach consisting of sorting cells from various tissues and differentiating them in an adipogenic medium, that a stationary population of skeletal muscle cells expressing the CD34 surface protein can differentiate in vitro into genuine brown adipocytes with a high level of UCP1 expression and uncoupled respiration. These cells can be expanded in culture, and their UCP1 mRNA expression is strongly increased by cell-permeating cAMP derivatives and a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-␥ (PPAR␥) agonist. Furthermore, UCP1 mRNA was detected in the skeletal muscle of adult humans, and its expression was increased in vivo by PPAR␥ agonist treatment. All the studies concerning UCP1 expression in adult humans have until now been focused on the white adipose tissue. Here we show for the first time the existence in human skeletal muscle and the prospective isolation of progenitor cells with a high potential for UCP1 expression. The discovery of this reservoir generates a new hope of treating obesity by acting on energy dissipation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reservoir of Brown Adipocyte Progenitors in Human Skeletal Muscle

et al. 2008

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“…139 It is interesting to observe that muscle fat infiltration has been noted even in some forms of muscular dystrophy, and in disuse atrophy. 140 Muscle fat infiltration is associated with poorer strength, 28 with poor scores on performance tests, 28 as well with insulin resistance. 138 This is an exciting new area for research in aging.…”

Section: Sarcopenic Obesity: a New Category Of Obesity In The Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions

et al. 2005

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Obesity prevalence is growing progressively even among older age groups. Controversy exists about the potential harms of obesity in the elderly. Debate persists about the relation between obesity in old age and total or disease-specific mortality, the definition of obesity in the elderly, its clinical relevance, and about the need for its treatment. Knowledge of age-related body composition and fat distribution changes will help us to better understand the relationships between obesity, morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Review of the literature supports that central fat and relative loss of fat-free mass may become relatively more important than BMI in determining the health risk associated with obesity in older ages. Weight gain or fat redistribution in older age may still confer adverse health risks (for earlier mortality, comorbidities conferring independent adverse health risks, or for functional decline). Evaluation of comorbidity and weight history should be performed in the elderly in order to generate a comprehensive assessment of the potential adverse health effects of overweight or obesity. The risks of obesity in the elderly have been underestimated by a number of confounders such as survival effect, competing mortalities, relatively shortened life expectancy in older persons, smoking, weight change and unintentional weight loss. Identification of elderly subjects with sarcopenic obesity is probably clinically relevant, but the definition of sarcopenic obesity, the benefits of its clinical identification, as well as its relation to clinical consequences require further study. Studies on the effect of voluntary weight loss in the elderly are scarce, but they suggest that even small amounts of weight loss (between 5-10% of initial body weight) may be beneficial. In older as well as in younger adults, voluntary weight loss may help to prevent the adverse health consequences of obesity.

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“…These conditions include pathological changes, such as muscular dystrophy [19,20], sarcopenia (age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass) [21], and denervation of skeletal muscle fibers [22]. In addition, marbling is another example of adipocytes appearing among skeletal m uscle fibers [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Both PPAR.GAMMA. and C/EBP.ALPHA. are Sufficient to Induce Transdifferentiation of Goat Fetal Myoblasts into Adipocytes

Yamanouchi

Ban

Shibata

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The present study was conducted to investigate whether goat fetal myoblasts with no inherent adipogenic potential can be induced to transdifferentiate into adipocytes. Goat fetal myoblasts were transiently transfected by the adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα). Both PPARγ and C/EBPα were capable of inducing adipogenic transdifferentiation as indicated by the appearance of mature adipocytes when the transfected cells were cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium (ADM). Ectopic expression of PPARγ induced endogenous C/EBPα expression and vice versa only when the cells were cultured in ADM. Removal of troglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, from the ADM resulted in a dramatic decline in the number of adipocytes, indicating that PPARγ stimulation is necessary to induce adipogenic transdifferentiation of goat fetal myoblasts. These results demonstrate for the first time that primary cultured myoblasts can be transdifferentiated into adipocytes. Key words: Adipogenesis, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), Goat, Myoblast, Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPARγ), Transdifferentiation (J. Reprod. Dev. 53: [563][564][565][566][567][568][569][570][571][572] 2007) o r m a t i o n o f s k e l e t a l m u s c l e d u r i n g development begins with the progeny of skeletal muscle cells, termed myoblasts. Proliferative myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle and terminally differentiate to form myotubes that eventually mature into contracting muscle fibers [ 1 ] . T h i s p r o c e s s , t e r m e d m y o g e n e s i s , i s characterized by sequential expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) comprising Myf-5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4. Amongst these MRFs, the MyoD and Myf-5 expressions are required for specification of myogenic lineage and are detected in proliferative myoblasts, while myogenin is required for late myogenesis and is expressed in terminally differentiated myotubes [1]. In addition to these MRFs, several markers are utilized for identification of myogenic cells. Pax7 is a marker for myoblasts [1], and desmin is expressed in both myoblasts and myotubes [2,3]. Sarcomeric myosin heavy chain, which is required for the contracting properties of skeletal muscle, is expressed after myotubes are formed [1,3].Both peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) are key regulatory transcription factors t h a t p r o m o t e f a t c e l l f o r m a t i o n , t e r m e d adipogenesis [4][5][6]. Terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes is believed to be under the control of PPARγ and C/EBPα [4][5][6], and it has been accepted that once activated, PPARγ and C/

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Compositional analysis of muscle in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using MR imaging

Cited by 129 publications

References 28 publications

A Reservoir of Brown Adipocyte Progenitors in Human Skeletal Muscle

A Reservoir of Brown Adipocyte Progenitors in Human Skeletal Muscle

Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions

Both PPAR.GAMMA. and C/EBP.ALPHA. are Sufficient to Induce Transdifferentiation of Goat Fetal Myoblasts into Adipocytes

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