Compositional analysis of dietary patterns

Solans, Marta; Coenders, Germà; Marcos‐Gragera, Rafael; Castelló, Adela; Gràcia-Lavedán, Esther; Benavente, Yolanda; Pérez‐Gómez, Beatriz; Amiano, Pilar; Fernández‐Villa, Tania; Guevara, Marcela; Gómez‐Acebo, Inés; Fernández‐Tardón, Guillermo; Vanaclocha-Espí, Mercedes; Chirlaque, María Dolores; Capelo, Rocío; Barrios, Rocío; Aragonés, Núria; Molinuevo, Amaia; Vitelli‐Storelli, Facundo; Castilla, Jesús; Dierssen-Sotos, Trinidad; Castaño‐Vinyals, Gemma; Kogevinas, Manolis; Pollán, Marina; Sáez, Marc

doi:10.1177/0962280218790110

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…We performed clustering of dietary data on the percentage of total energy intake from foods consumed, which can account for differences in energy needs (e.g., age, sex, physical activity level) ( 48 ) and provide more interpretable results ( 49 ). In addition, while compositional analysis has recently arisen in the nutrition field ( 50 ), our work employed a similar approach (DMM models), which is used in the microbiome field ( 51 ). This resulted in 5 a posteriori dietary patterns (the DP5) which take into consideration global diet and were best associated with the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A posteriori dietary patterns better explain variations of the gut microbiome than individual markers in the American Gut Project

Cotillard¹,

Cartier-Meheust²,

Litwin

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Individual diet components and specific dietary regimens have been shown to impact the gut microbiome. Objective Here, we explored the contribution of long-term diet by searching for dietary patterns that would best associate with the gut microbiome in a population-based cohort. Methods Using a priori and a posteriori approaches, we constructed dietary patterns from a food frequency questionnaire completed by 1800 adults in the American Gut Project. Dietary patterns were defined as groups of participants or combinations of food variables (factors) driven by criteria ranging from individual nutrients to overall diet. We associated these patterns with 16S rRNA-based gut microbiome data for a subset of 744 participants. Results Compared to individual features (e.g., fiber and protein), or to factors representing reduced number of dietary features, five a posteriori dietary patterns based on food groups, were best associated with gut microbiome beta-diversity (P ≤ 0.0002). Two patterns followed Prudent-like diets from plant-based to flexitarian and exhibited the highest Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) scores. Two other patterns presented Western-like diets with a gradient in HEI-2010 scores. A fifth pattern consisted mostly of participants following an exclusion diet (e.g., low-carbohydrate). Notably, gut microbiome alpha-diversity was significantly lower in the most Western pattern compared to the flexitarian pattern (P ≤ 0.009), and the exclusion diet was associated with low relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (P ≤ 1.2 × 10–7), which was better explained by diet than health status. Conclusions We demonstrated that global-diet a posteriori patterns were more associated with gut microbiome variations than individual dietary features among adults in the United States. These results confirm that evaluating diet as a whole is important when studying the gut microbiome. It will also facilitate the design of more personalized dietary strategies in general populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A posteriori dietary patterns better explain variations of the gut microbiome than individual markers in the American Gut Project

Cotillard¹,

Cartier-Meheust²,

Litwin

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In general, healthy dietary patterns can be generally described as those that are rich in health-promoting foods, including plant-based foods, fresh vegetables and fruits, and soybean and soybean products [ 63 ]. Since a typical diet contains a mixture of various foods, the intakes of various foods are positively or negatively correlated with the intakes of others [ 64 ]. In our study, the increase of vegetable intake was associated with the lower intake of rice and the higher intake of soybean and soybean products (Table S 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term association of vegetable and fruit intake with risk of dementia in Japanese older adults: the Hisayama study

et al. 2022

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Background Several prospective Western studies have reported an inverse association of vegetable and fruit intake with dementia risk. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence in Asians. This study investigated the association of intakes of vegetables, fruits, and their nutrients on the risk of incident dementia and its subtypes in a Japanese community. Methods A total of 1071 participants (452 men and 619 women) aged ≥60 years without dementia at baseline were prospectively followed up for 24 years. Intakes of vegetables, fruits, and nutrients were evaluated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and were categorized into quartiles separately by gender. The outcome measure was the development of dementia and its subtypes—namely, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The risk estimates of incident dementia were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results During the long-term follow-up period, 464 subjects developed dementia, of whom 286 had AD and 144 had VaD. Higher vegetable intake was associated gradually with lower risk of developing dementia and AD (both P-trend < 0.05), but not VaD, after adjusting for confounders. Subjects allocated the highest quartile of vegetable intake had 27 and 31% lower risk of dementia and AD, respectively, than those with the lowest quartile. The risk of dementia decreased significantly with higher intakes of vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, and potassium (all P-trend < 0.05). Subjects with higher total dietary fiber intake tended to be at decreased risk for total dementia (P-trend = 0.07). Meanwhile, there were no significant associations between fruit intake and the risk of dementia and its subtypes. Conclusion Higher intakes of vegetables and their constituent nutrients were associated with a lower risk of dementia in Japanese older adults. A diet rich in vegetables may be beneficial in reducing the dementia risk in Asians.

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“…This could be due to lack of consideration of the complex interactions and synergies that may exist between combinations of different nutrients and foods [ 16 ]. Furthermore, it is difficult to analyze the role of individual foods because a typical diet is characterized by a mixture of different foods, where an increase in the consumption of some foods will lead to a decrease in the consumption of others [ 17 ]. In this way, the focus of nutritional epidemiology has gradually shifted from single nutrients to dietary patterns [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study

Lozano‐Lorca

Rodríguez-González

Salcedo‐Bellido

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain, and the role of diet is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of diet, through dietary patterns, on PCa, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension. The CAPLIFE study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls aged 40–80 years. Dietary information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis: “Mediterranean,” “Western,” and “Unhealthy,” which were categorized into tertiles according to the control group cutoff points. Tumor aggressiveness and extension was determined. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and PCa. High adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of PCa, ORT3vsT1 = 1.52 (95% CI 1.02–2.27), especially for cases with ISUP 1–2 and localized PCa tumors. This association was not observed with a Western or Mediterranean pattern. In conclusion, adherence to an unhealthy diet appears to be associated with higher odds of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 1–2 and localized PCa tumors.

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Compositional analysis of dietary patterns

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

A posteriori dietary patterns better explain variations of the gut microbiome than individual markers in the American Gut Project

A posteriori dietary patterns better explain variations of the gut microbiome than individual markers in the American Gut Project

Long-term association of vegetable and fruit intake with risk of dementia in Japanese older adults: the Hisayama study

Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study

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