Composition, origin and distribution of Dutch coastal sands between Hoek Van Holland and the island of Vlieland

Eisma, D.

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(68)90011-2

Cited by 62 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Eisma (1968) used the same preparation and petrological method as Edelman (1933) and Baak (1936), except that he studied four grain size classes between 100 µm and 315 µm separately. Only data for the 200-250 µm fraction are given in Eisma (1968).…”

Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower quartz (less coloured) contents (<90%), with saussurite and hornblende dominating its HMAs (Table 18). These sands on the beaches and in the dunes have high Ca and Mg contents between km poles 44 and 92, increasing gradually between km poles 34 and 44 (Eisma, 1968).…”

Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type is found chiefly north of Bergen (beach pole 37) on the North Holland coast (Edelman, 1933;Baak, 1936). These sands on the beaches and in the dunes are low in Ca and Mg (Eisma, 1968). 2.…”

Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8. The interpretations of Baak and later heavy mineral studies on the origin of the sands (Steinert, 1948;Eisma, 1968;Ludwig & Figge, 1979;Henningsen, 1987, Schwartz, 1996 were compared by Schüttenhelm & Laban (2005) with the results of recent seabed sediment mapping and sediment dynamics in the southern North Sea. Their findings for the five HMAs distinguished by Baak are summarised below:…”

Section: Heavy Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In extreme cases this process can supposedly convert an amphibole-epidote association into a kyanite-staurolite-zircon assemblage (Weyl, 1949). Weathering of the heavy minerals in Dutch sediments has been described for podsol soil profiles (Van den Marel, 1949;Weyl, 1952a;Van Andel 1952;Eisma, 1968) and silica sand deposits (Van Loon & Mange, 2007;Van Loon, 2009 (Friis, 1974 .…”

Section: Modifications Of the Heavy Mineral Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Griffioen

Klaver

Westerhoff

2016

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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Minerals are the building blocks of clastic sediments and play an important role with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the sediment and the lithostratigraphy of sediments. This paper aims to provide an overview of the mineralogy (including solid organic matter) of sediments as well as suspended matter as found in the Netherlands (and some parts of Belgium). The work is based on a review of the scientific literature published over more than 100 years. Cenozoic sediments are addressed together with suspended matter and recent sediments of the surface water systems because they form a geoscientific continuum from material subject to transport via recently settled to aged material. Most attention is paid to heavy minerals, clay minerals, feldspars, Ca carbonates, reactive Fe minerals (oxides, siderite, sulphides, glauconite) and solid organic matter because they represent the dominant minerals and their properties form a main issue in subsurface and water management. When possible and relevant, the amounts, provenance, relationship with grain size distribution, early diagenesis and palaeohydrological evolution are described. Tables with statistical data about the mineral contents and isotopic composition of carbonates and organic matter are presented as overviews. The review on the mineralogy of Dutch fluvial and marine environments is more extensive than that for the other sedimentary environments because the first two have been studied much more intensively than the others and they also form the larger part of the Dutch deposits. The focus is on the natural background mineralogy of Dutch sediments, but this is hard for recent sediments, largely because the massive hydraulic infrastructure present in the Netherlands has probably also affected the mineralogy and geochemistry of sediments deposited in recent centuries. Many findings are summarised, several of which lead to more general insights for the Dutch situation. Ca carbonates in sediments often have several provenances and thus must be considered as mixtures. Dolomite is commonly present in addition to calcite. The importance of biotite as weatherable mica is unclear. Weathering of heavy minerals plays some role but it is unclear in which way it affects the heavy mineral associations. Clays are usually dominated by illite, smectite and their interstratified variant, while kaolinite is usually below 20% and chlorite below 5%. Vermiculite is a minor constituent in fluvial clays and its illitisation presumably happens during early diagenesis in the marine environment. Opaque Fe hydroxides can be present in addition to Fe oxyhydroxide coatings and both will play a role in redox chemistry as reactive Fe minerals. Feldspars in marine sediments must be present but they have not been properly studied. The genesis of rattle stones and carbonate concretions has not been completely elucidated. The fraction of terrigeneous organic matter in estuarine and coastal marine sediments is substantial. The available data and information are spread irregularly over the country and the reviewed information discussed in this paper is derived from relatively small-scale studies dealing with a limited amount of analysed samples. Much information is available from the Scheldt estuaries in the southwestern part of the Netherlands partly due to the severe contamination of the Western Scheldt in recent decades.

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Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beach and Dune Sandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heavy Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modifications Of the Heavy Mineral Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Griffioen

Klaver

Westerhoff

2016

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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Resilience in coastal dune grasslands: pH and soil organic matter effects on P nutrition, plant strategies, and soil communities

et al. 2020

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2020. Resilience in coastal dune grasslands: pH and soil organic matter effects on P nutrition, plant strategies, and soil communities. Ecosphere 11(5):Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) and pH are key ecosystem drivers, influencing resilience to environmental change. We tested the separate effects of pH and SOM on nutrient availability, plant strategies, and soil community composition in calcareous and acidic Grey dunes (H2130) with low, intermediate, and/or high SOM, which differ in sensitivity to high atmospheric N deposition. Soil organic matter was mainly important for biomass parameters of plants, microbes, and soil animals, and for microarthropod diversity and network complexity. However, differences in pH led to fundamental differences in P availability and plant strategies, which overruled the normal soil community patterns, and influenced resilience to N deposition. In calcareous dunes with low grass-encroachment, P availability was low despite high amounts of inorganic P, due to low solubility of calcium phosphates and strong P sorption to Fe oxides at high pH. Calcareous dunes were dominated by low-competitive arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, which profit from mycorrhiza especially at low P. In acidic dunes with high grass-encroachment, P availability increased as calcium phosphates dissolved and P sorption weakened with the shift from Fe oxides to Fe-OM complexes. Weakly sorbed and colloidal P increased, and at least part of the sorbed P was organic. Acidic dunes were dominated by nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants, which increase P uptake through exudation of carboxylates and phosphatase enzymes, which release weakly sorbed P, and disintegrate labile organic P. The shifts in P availability and plant strategies also changed the soil community. Contrary to expectations, the bacterial pathway was more important in acidic than in calcareous dunes, possibly due to exudation of carboxylates and phosphatases by NM plants, which serve as bacterial food resource. Also, the fungal AM pathway was enhanced in calcareous dunes, and fungal feeders more abundant, due to the presence of AM fungi. The changes in soil communities in turn reduced expected differences in N cycling between calcareous and acidic dunes. Our results show that SOM and pH are important, but separate ecosystem drivers in Grey dunes. Differences in resilience to N deposition are mainly due to pH effects on P availability and plant strategies, which in turn overruled soil community patterns.

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On using the effective contact angle and the water drop penetration time for classification of water repellency in dune soils

Wessel

1988

Earth Surf Processes Landf

137

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Sandy soils are often water repellent when dry. In sloping areas this may result in surface runoff and erosion. Water repellency in soils can be classified with the solid-liquid contact angle which is difficult to determine. Another method is the water drop penetration time. This method is not only easier to apply but provides a more useful scale for classifying water repellent soils. Moreover, it is directly related to erosion hazard because runoff depends on the time required for the infiltration of rain drops. A close relationship was found between the contact angle and the water drop penetration time in dune soils along the coast of the Netherlands.

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Composition, origin and distribution of Dutch coastal sands between Hoek Van Holland and the island of Vlieland

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Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Resilience in coastal dune grasslands: pH and soil organic matter effects on P nutrition, plant strategies, and soil communities

On using the effective contact angle and the water drop penetration time for classification of water repellency in dune soils

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