Composition of volcanic gases emitted during repeating Vulcanian eruption stage of Shinmoedake, Kirishima volcano, Japan

Shinohara, Hiroshi

doi:10.5047/eps.2012.11.001

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, in reality, it is difficult to judge the influence of magmatic or hydrothermal fluids just from increase or decrease in the SO 2 /H 2 S molar ratio. The ratio can increase without input of magmatic fluid (Aiuppa et al 2006) or can decrease without considering an elevated influence of hydrothermal system (Shinohara 2013). The chemistry of sulfur for volcanic gas, especially related to hydrothermal system, is very complicated (Symonds et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to volcanic gas surveys of pioneering researchers, volcanic and/or fumarolic gas composition varies with outlet temperature, and there is a general trend that SO 2 is a dominant S-bearing gas for high outlet temperature, whereas H 2 S becomes dominant for low outlet temperature (e.g., Iwasaki et al 1966). For example, major degassing Japanese volcanoes that emit high-temperature magmatic gases usually have SO 2 /H 2 S molar ratio >6 (Shinohara 2013). On the one hand, volcanic gases influenced by hydrothermal system generally have lower temperatures and lower to negligible SO 2 /H 2 S molar ratios (e.g., Iwasaki et al 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanic plume measurements using a UAV for the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption

et al. 2016

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A phreatic eruption of Mt. Ontake, Japan, started abruptly on September 27, 2014, and caused the worst volcanic calamity in recent 70 years in Japan. We conducted volcanic plume surveys using an electric multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle to elucidate the conditions of Mt. Ontake's plume, which is flowing over 3000 m altitude. A plume gas composition, sulfur dioxide flux and thermal image measurements and a particle sampling were carried out using the unmanned aerial vehicle for three field campaigns on November 20 and 21, 2014, and June 2, 2015. Together with the results of manned helicopter and aircraft observations, we revealed that the plume of Mt. Ontake was not directly emitted from the magma but was influenced by hydrothermal system, and observed SO 2 /H 2 S molar ratios were decreasing after the eruption. High SO 2 flux of >2000 t/d observed at least until 20 h after the onset of the eruption implies significant input of magmatic gas and the flux quickly decreased to about 130 t/d in 2 months. In contrast, H 2 S fluxes retrieved using SO 2 /H 2 S ratio and SO 2 flux showed significantly high level of 700-800 t/d, which continued at least between 2 weeks and 2 months after the eruption. This is a peculiar feature of the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption. Considering the trends of the flux changes of SO 2 and H 2 S, we presume that majority of SO 2 and H 2 S are supplied, respectively, from high-temperature magmatic fluid of a deep origin and from hydrothermal system. From the point of view of SO 2 /H 2 S ratios and fumarolic temperatures, the plume degassing trend after the 2014 eruption is following the similar course as that after the 1979 eruptions, and we speculate the 2014 eruptive activity will cease slowly similar to the 1979 eruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic plume measurements using a UAV for the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption

et al. 2016

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“…To account for the decrease with the convecting magma column degassing model, abrupt decrease of conduit radius, increase of degassing depth, and change of magma properties should be considered. Because gas composition data support a shallow degassing depth of less than 500 m, at least after March 2011 (Shinohara, 2013), the increase of the degassing depth is not relevant. Such a sudden decrease of conduit radius might be possible by collapse of the conduit wall, but no geophysical evidence exists to support that inference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on volcanic gas composition measured using a multicomponent gas analyzer system (MultiGAS; Aiuppa et al, 2005;Shinohara, 2005), SO 2 flux data, and petrological information, Shinohara (2013) suggests that a convecting magma column model best explains the degassing mechanism for Shinmoedake, probably occurring after the end of the lava accumulation stage. During the CV stage, an abrupt decrease of the flux of about an order of magnitude occurred in about one day (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur dioxide emissions during the 2011 eruption of Shinmoedake volcano, Japan

Mori¹,

Kato

2013

Earth Planet Sp

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“…For instance, researchers have used a fix-wing UAV to collect SO2 gas emission over Kirishima Volcano in South Japan (Shinohara, 2013), a multi-rotor to collect plume data during the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption (Mori et al, 2016), different fix-wings and balloons at Costa Rica Volcano (Diaz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Uavs and Active Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV- based Photogrammetry and Geocomputing for Hazards and Disaster Risk Monitoring – A Review

Gomez

Purdie

2016

Geoenviron Disasters

158

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Background: The unraveling of the human-induced climate-change crisis has put to the forth the ability of humanbeings to impact the planet as a whole, but the discourse of politics has also emphasized the ability of the human race to adapt and counterweigh the environmental change, in turn increasing the public expectation that one should be able to control nature and its affects. Such cozy and reassured society consequently puts an increasing amount of pressure on hazards assessors, emergency and disaster managers "to get it right", and not only to save the majority, but to save all. To reach such level of competency, emergency relief teams and disaster managers have to work always faster with an increasing need of high quality, high-resolution geospatial data. This need is being partly resolved with the usage of UAV (Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles), both on the ground and airborne. Results: In this contribution, we present a review of this field of research that has increased exponentially in the last few years. The rapid democratization of the tool has lead to a significant price reduction and consequently a broad scientific usage that have resulted in thousands of scientific contributions over the last decade. The main usages of UAVs are the mapping of land features and their evolution over time, the mapping of hazards and disasters as they happen, the observation of human activity during an emergency or a disaster, the replacement of telecommunication structures impacted by a natural hazards and the transport of material to isolated groups. Conclusion: Those usages are mostly based on the use of single UAVs or UAVs as single agents eventually collaborating. The future is most certainly in the ability to accomplish complex tasks by leveraging the multiple platforms possibilities. As an example, we presented an experiment showing how multiple UAV platforms taking imagery together at the same time could provide true 4D (3D in time) of geo-processes such as river-bed evolution, or rockfalls, etc.

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Composition of volcanic gases emitted during repeating Vulcanian eruption stage of Shinmoedake, Kirishima volcano, Japan

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Volcanic plume measurements using a UAV for the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption

Volcanic plume measurements using a UAV for the 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption

Sulfur dioxide emissions during the 2011 eruption of Shinmoedake volcano, Japan

UAV- based Photogrammetry and Geocomputing for Hazards and Disaster Risk Monitoring – A Review

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