Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

Bhutani, Surabhi; Kahn, Eva; Tasali, Esra; Schoeller, Dale A.

doi:10.14814/phy2.13336

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In our study, a 3% of weight loss was approximately an average of 2.2 kg, which was greater than typical short-term fluctuation in body weight of 1-2 kg (Bhutani et al, 2017). This was also greater than the weight loss cutoff of 1.5 kg in the study in normal-weight women (Leidy et al, 2004) where a two-fold increase in ghrelin was observed with > 1.5 kg weight loss.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The influence of exercise training dose on fasting acylated ghrelin concentration in older women

et al. 2018

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This study investigated if exercise dose affected acylated ghrelin response to exercise training, and how body weight or fat mass changes might affect the responses. Non-obese older women (n = 49) were randomly assigned to 4-month moderate-intensity aerobic exercise of one of two doses (8 or 14 kcal•kg −1 body weight weekly). Following exercise training, fasting acylated ghrelin concentrations changed differently between the two groups (p for group × time interaction = 0.050). It decreased in the moderate-dose (Cohen's d = 0.52, p = 0.019), but did not change in the low-dose exercise group. Adjustment for weight or fat changes did not affect these results. Therefore, exercise training dose can have specific effects on acylated ghrelin that are not dependent on weight or fat loss. However, whether the different acylated ghrelin changes are associated with differing degree of subsequent weight maintenance worth further investigation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The influence of exercise training dose on fasting acylated ghrelin concentration in older women

et al. 2018

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“…They also stated that the energy density of weight loss was 8182 kcal/kg ∆BM. Bhutani et al [ 11 ] reported that the average energy density of more short-term (2-week) fluctuations in BM of 1–3 kg was 2380 kcal/kg ∆BM in healthy adults. Our energy density of RWL (1507 kcal/kg) were close to the latter study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a more cost-effective and convenient method is desirable for use in the sports field. The energy cost for BM reduction is assumed to be 7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM; however, some recent studies have indicated that these assumptions were not always suitable for BM change in athletes [ 11 , 12 ]. Body energy density is regarded as 1020 kcal/kg ∆FFM and 9500 kcal/kg ∆FM [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Deficit Required for Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers

et al. 2018

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To determine energy density for rapid weight loss (RWL) of weight-classified sports, eight male elite wrestlers were instructed to lose 6% of body mass (BM) within 53 h. Energy deficit during the RWL was calculated by subtracting total energy expenditure (TEE) determined using the doubly labeled water method (DLW) from energy intake (EI) assessed with diet records. It was also estimated from body composition change estimated with the four-component model (4C) and other conventional methods. BM decreased significantly by 4.7 ± 0.5 kg (6.4 ± 0.5%). Total body water loss was the major component of the BM loss (71.0 ± 7.6%). TEE was 9446 ± 1422 kcal, and EI was 2366 ± 1184 kcal during the RWL of 53-h; therefore, the energy deficit was 7080 ± 1525 kcal. Thus, energy density was 1507 ± 279 kcal/kg ∆BM during the RWL, comparable with values obtained using the 4C, three-component model, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and stable isotope dilution. Energy density for RWL of wrestlers is lower than that commonly used (7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM). Although RWL is not recommended, we propose that commonly practiced extreme energy restriction such as 7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM during RWL appears to be meaningless.

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“…Inclusion of studies with successful weight loss maintenance (WLM) would have allowed for no variability in the dependent variable with which to generate predictive models of weight regain. A minimum of 2% weight regain (vs baseline) was required as short‐term weight fluctuations of 1 to 2 kg are common; therefore, this allowed us to be more certain individuals had regained weight. Studies included measured body composition before and after weight loss, and, if reported, following weight regain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the rate, amount, and composition of weight loss as predictors of spontaneous weight regain in adults achieving clinically significant weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐regression

et al. 2019

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Weight regain following weight loss is common although little is known regarding the associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Forty-three studies (52 groups; n = 2379) with longitudinal body composition measurements were identified in which weight loss (≥5%) and subsequent weight regain (≥2%) occurred. Data were synthesized for changes in weight and body composition. Meta-regression models were used to investigate associations between amount, rate, and composition of weight loss and weight regain. Individuals lost 10.9% of their body weight over 13 weeks composed of 19.6% fat-free mass, followed by a regain of 5.4% body weight over 44 weeks composed of 21.6% fatfree mass. Associations between the amount (P < 0.001) and rate (P = 0.049) of weight loss and their interaction (P = 0.042) with weight regain were observed. Fatfree mass (P = 0.017) and fat mass (P < 0.001) loss both predicted weight regain although the effect of fat-free mass was attenuated following adjustment. The amount (P < 0.001), but not the rate of weight loss (P = 0.150), was associated with fat-free mass loss. The amount and rate of weight loss were significant and interacting factors associated with weight regain. Loss of fat-free mass and fat mass explained greater variance in weight regain than weight loss alone. KEYWORDS body composition, fat mass, fat-free mass, weight loss, weight regain 1 | INTRODUCTION Over half of the UK population are currently considered overweight or obese, and it is estimated that around 55% of individuals worldwide will be affected by obesity by 2050. 1 At any one time, approximately 40% of adults report that they are engaged in attempts to control their weight. 2 While these attempts show initial success, relapse is common, 3 and less than 20% of those losing 10% of their weight maintain the loss for a year or more. 4 It is likely that several factors during weight loss influence subsequent weight regain, however, although commonly measured in clinical weight loss studies, the extent to which the rate, amount, and composition (eg, fat-mass [FM] and fat-free mass [FFM]) of weight loss are associated with weight regain remains unclear. Studies of weight loss with follow-up periods in which weight regain occurs may be used as a model to identify predictive factors associated with weight regain. Factors such as a rapid rates and large amounts of weight loss have previously been associated with weight

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Composition of two-week change in body weight under unrestricted free-living conditions

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

The influence of exercise training dose on fasting acylated ghrelin concentration in older women

The influence of exercise training dose on fasting acylated ghrelin concentration in older women

Energy Deficit Required for Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers

Associations between the rate, amount, and composition of weight loss as predictors of spontaneous weight regain in adults achieving clinically significant weight loss: A systematic review and meta‐regression

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