Composition of triglycerides from aphids of six different families and from different seasonal forms of Aphis evonymi

Greenway, A. R.; Griffiths, D. C.; Furk, C.; Prior, R. N. B.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(74)90028-6

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Herbivorous insect species are known to temporarily occur in mass infestations and then alter the input fluxes, especially of POM, by, e.g., green leaf litter, wax wool excretion and cell tissue (Stadler et al, 2001;le Mellec and Michalzik, 2008). In this context, Greenway et al (1974) reported on the composition of triglycerides found in cornicle secretions from a range of aphid families, including P. fagi. Additionally, Stanley-Samuelson et al (1988) reviewed the formation of fatty acids in cuticular secretion components of other insect orders.…”

Section: Stemflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of central European forests

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We present the first investigation of the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to total organic matter (TOM, consisting of DOM, < 0.45 µm and particulate organic matter 0.45 µm < POM < 500 µm) in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forests using solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We hypothesized that the composition and properties of organic matter (OM) in forest ecosystem water samples differ between DOM and TOM and between the two tree species.The 13 C NMR results, derived from 21 samples, point to pronounced differences in the composition of DOM and TOM in throughfall solution at the beech sites, with TOM exhibiting higher relative intensities for the alkyl C region, which represents aliphatic C from less decomposed organic material compared to DOM. Furthermore, TOM shows lower intensities for lignin-derived and aromatic C of the aryl C region resulting in lower aromaticity indices and a diminished degree of humification. Across the ecosystem compartments, differences in the structural composition of DOM and TOM under beech lessened in the following order: throughfall > stemflow ≈ forest floor leachate.In contrast to the broadleaved sites, differences between DOM and TOM in throughfall solution under spruce were less pronounced and spectra were, overall, dominated by the alkyl C region, representing aliphatic C. Explanations of the reported results might be substantiated in differences in tree species-specific structural effects, leaching characteristics or differences in the microbial community of the tree species' phyllosphere and cortisphere. However, the fact that throughfall DOM under beech showed the highest intensities of recalcitrant aromatic and phenolic C among all samples analysed likely points to a high allelopathic potential of beech trees negatively affecting other organisms and hence ecosystem processes and functions.

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Section: Stemflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of central European forests

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, physiological changes may affect the chemical composition of cornicle fluid in aphids (Strong, ). Abiotic stresses, such as cold and hot temperatures, and different seasons are found to affect the composition of fatty acids in cornicle fluid, especially unsaturated fatty acids (Callow et al , ; Greenway et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of cornicle secretion of the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida

2015

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Brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida Kirkadly is considered as an important pest of citrus because it vectors citrus tristeza closterovirus. Aphids secrete a fluid from their cornicles as a defensive mechanism against natural enemies. Earlier studies on cornicle secretions of aphids focus only on triglycerides and fatty acids. In the present study, three different methods are used to investigate the chemical composition of the cornicle fluid of T. citricida. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection is used to detect and quantify the triglycerides after trimethylsilyl derivatization, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to determine the fatty acid composition after derivatization with boron trifluoride-methanol. Other compounds are detected using GC-MS after methoxyamine hydrochloride and N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide derivatization. The major fatty acid in the cornicle secretion of T. citricida is palmitic acid. Oleic, stearic, myristic, myristoleic and sorbic acids are also detected, although in low amounts. Sorboyl, dipalmitoyl (C 6-2 , C 16 , C 16 ) and disorboyl, stearoyl (C 6-2 , C 6-2 , C 18 ) are the main triglycerides detected in cornicle secretion. Trehalose is the most predominant sugar (558.2 mm), followed by glucose (92.0 mm) and inositol (48.8 mm). Many amino acids, including proline, glycine, alanine and serine, are also detected. In addition, the cornicle secretion is rich in many organic acids, including malic, citric, succinic and lactic acid. Information obtained from the present study improves our understanding of the chemical composition of the cornicle secretion of the brown citrus aphid.

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Section: Stemflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of Central European forests

Bischoff¹,

Schwarz²,

Siemens³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Abstract. For the first time, we investigated the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to total OM (TOM, consisting of DOM and particulate OM, POM) in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of beech and spruce forests using solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We hypothesized that the composition and properties of OM in forest ecosystem water samples differed between DOM and TOM and between the two tree species. Under beech, a contribution of phyllosphere-derived fresh POM was echoed in structural differences. Compared with DOM, TOM exhibited higher relative intensities for the alkyl C region, representing aliphatic C from less decomposed organic material, and lower relative intensities for lignin-derived and aromatic C of the aryl C region, resulting in lower aromaticity indices and reduced humification intensities. Since differences in the structural composition of DOM and TOM were less pronounced under spruce than under beech, we suspect a~tree species-related effect on the origin of OM composition and resulting properties (e.g. recalcitrance, allelopathic potential).

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Composition of triglycerides from aphids of six different families and from different seasonal forms of Aphis evonymi

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of central European forests

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of central European forests

Chemical composition of cornicle secretion of the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida

Properties of dissolved and total organic matter in throughfall, stemflow and forest floor leachate of Central European forests

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