Composition of the Pulmonary Interstitium during Normal Development of the Human Fetus

Wright, Christopher; Strauß, Susanne; Toole, Kieran; Burt, Alastair D.; Robson, Stephen C.

doi:10.1007/s100249900145

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Extracellular matrix proteins have been suggested to be associated with the branching morphogenesis of the lung and the maturation of the fetal lung alveolar epithelium (2,3). The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens I, III, IV, V, VI, laminin, and fibronectin of lung interstitium during normal human lung development have also been previously described (4). The stage of alveolar development differs between various species, i.e., in mice and rats no alveoli are present at birth, which is notable because most studies on lung development have been performed with animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Distribution and mRNA Expression of Tenascin-C in Developing Human Lung

Kaarteenaho‐Wiik

Kinnula

Herva

et al. 2001

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is spatially expressed during organogenesis, in inflammatory and fibrotic disorders, and in neoplasms. The aim of this study was to analyze its expression in developing human lung tissues during pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar periods corresponding to Weeks 12 to 40. Lung tissues were obtained at autopsy from 34 nonmalformed cases. An immunohistochemical analysis and a messenger RNA (mRNA) in situ hybridization method combined with light microscopy were used. The extent of tenascin-C immunoreactivity was scored as absent, low, moderate, or strong in and around different types of pulmonary cells. The immunohistochemical expression for tenascin-C was strong beneath the airway epithelium, especially at the sites of airway subdivision during Weeks 12 to 23, whereas its expression was moderate or weak underneath alveolar and bronchiolar epithelia between Weeks 24 and 40. The expression for tenascin-C was strong in the intima of veins, especially in the canalicular period, i.e., Weeks 17 to 28. A moderate or strong immunoreactivity for tenascin-C was also observed around chondrocytes in every case studied during all periods. The increased expression of tenascin-C mRNA was most often seen in the cells below the airway epithelium. Taken together, tenascin-C is expressed in human lung during all developmental periods, and its expression is especially strong below the airway epithelium at the sites of airway subdivision.

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mentioning

confidence: 93%

Distribution and mRNA Expression of Tenascin-C in Developing Human Lung

Kaarteenaho‐Wiik

Kinnula

Herva

et al. 2001

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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“…In addition, it has been demonstrated that visceral endoderm cells produce type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin [9] and that the expression of type IV collagen and laminin mRNAs increased during RA-induced differentiation of F9 cells [10]. Previous reports have also indicated that type IV collagen played an important role in the early development of the lung and liver in humans [14,15]. Type IV collagen may be a key factor of embryogenesis that regulates the differentiation of the embryo by paracrine and autocrine signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Extracellular Matrices on F9 Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells: A Crucial Role of Type IV Collagen in the Early Stage of Differentiation of F9 Stem Cells

Watanabe¹,

Toda²,

Yonemitsu³

et al. 2002

Pathobiology

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F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells treated with retinoic acid (RA) differentiate into visceral endoderm, and this process affects the expression of some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. As the direct influence of ECM molecules on the differentiation of F9 stem cells has not been studied, we investigated the effects of various ECM proteins on the early differentiation of these cells. Monolayers of F9 stem cells were cultured on dishes coated with various ECM, such as type I or IV collagen, fibronectin, or laminin. They aggregated and formed spheroid bodies in the absence of RA only on type IV collagen. The outer layer cells of the spheroid bodies exhibited numerous microvilli, junctional complexes and mature cell organelles. Alpha-fetoprotein was positive in the outer layer cells. A small amount of laminin was detected in the matrix of the spheroid bodies. These data suggest that type IV collagen promoted the early stage of the differentiation of F9 stem cells without RA. The other ECM molecules failed to induce them to form spheroid bodies. The reversibility of the structure of the spheroid bodies to a monolayer was also examined. When the spheroid bodies were reseeded only on fibronectin- or laminin-coated culture dishes, they broke down and the cells spread to the surface in the absence of RA. The differentiation of F9 stem cells induced by type IV collagen seemed to be reversible and to take place at an early stage of their morphogenesis. These findings suggest that type IV collagen plays an important role in early embryogenesis.

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“…Matrices in the fetal pulmonary interstitium have been of major interest for embryologists with a focus on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and epithelio-mesenchymal transitions [14151617]. Some components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as tenascin-C and others, are likely to mechanistically support branching and growth of bronchioli [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the pulmonary pleura with special reference to the lung surface morphology: a study using human fetuses

et al. 2018

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In and after the third trimester, the lung surface is likely to become smooth to facilitate respiratory movements. However, there are no detailed descriptions as to when and how the lung surface becomes regular. According to our observations of 33 fetuses at 9–16 weeks of gestation (crown-rump length [CRL], 39–125 mm), the lung surface, especially its lateral (costal) surface, was comparatively rough due to rapid branching and outward growing of bronchioli at the pseudoglandular phase of lung development. The pulmonary pleura was thin and, beneath the surface mesothelium, no or little mesenchymal tissue was detectable. Veins and lymphatic vessels reached the lung surface until 9 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. In contrast, in 8 fetuses at 26–34 weeks of gestation (CRL, 210–290 mm), the lung surface was almost smooth because, instead of bronchioli, the developing alveoli faced the external surfaces of the lung. Moreover, the submesothelial tissue became thick due to large numbers of dilated veins connected to deep intersegmental veins. CD34-positive, multilayered fibrous tissue was also evident beneath the mesothelium in these stages. The submesothelial tissue was much thicker at the basal and mediastinal surfaces compared to apical and costal surfaces. Overall, rather than by a mechanical stress from the thoracic wall and diaphragm, a smooth lung surface seemed to be established largely by the thick submesothelial tissue including veins and lymphatic vessels until 26 weeks.

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Composition of the Pulmonary Interstitium during Normal Development of the Human Fetus

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Distribution and mRNA Expression of Tenascin-C in Developing Human Lung

Distribution and mRNA Expression of Tenascin-C in Developing Human Lung

Effects of Extracellular Matrices on F9 Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells: A Crucial Role of Type IV Collagen in the Early Stage of Differentiation of F9 Stem Cells

Development of the pulmonary pleura with special reference to the lung surface morphology: a study using human fetuses

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