Composition of the outermost layer and concentration depth profiles of ammonium nitrate ionic liquid surfaces

Ridings, Christiaan; Warr, Gregory G.; Andersson, Gunther G.

doi:10.1039/c2cp43035e

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…To overcome the problems associated with deposition of nanosheets onto substrates from high-boiling point solvents, the std-BP in CHP was transferred to IPA prior to drop casting the samples (see Methods). Apparent AFM heights from liquid-exfoliated nanomaterials are usually overestimated due to residual solvent 24 33 37 , as well as contributions from effects such as capillary forces and adhesion 38 39 . To overcome these problems and to convert the apparent measured AFM thickness to the number of layers, we have applied a similar approach to that reported for graphene and MoS 2 (refs 26 , 27 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics

et al. 2015

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Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) is a new two-dimensional material which is of great interest for applications, mainly in electronics. However, its lack of environmental stability severely limits its synthesis and processing. Here we demonstrate that high-quality, few-layer BP nanosheets, with controllable size and observable photoluminescence, can be produced in large quantities by liquid phase exfoliation under ambient conditions in solvents such as N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP). Nanosheets are surprisingly stable in CHP, probably due to the solvation shell protecting the nanosheets from reacting with water or oxygen. Experiments, supported by simulations, show reactions to occur only at the nanosheet edge, with the rate and extent of the reaction dependent on the water/oxygen content. We demonstrate that liquid-exfoliated BP nanosheets are potentially useful in a range of applications from ultrafast saturable absorbers to gas sensors to fillers for composite reinforcement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics

et al. 2015

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“…This is easily understood, as this class of liquids is distinguished by a negligible vapor pressure. Accordingly, the typical UHV equipment designed for analysis of solid surfaces can be used to investigate ionic liquids . Liquids with higher, but moderate saturation pressure up to 10 Pa can nonetheless be investigated by MIES, the first study being published in 1986 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Andersson

Morgner²

2017

Annalen der Physik

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Measuring directly the composition, the distribution of constituents as function of the depth and the orientation of molecules at liquid surfaces is essential for determining physicochemical properties of liquid surfaces. While the experimental tools that have been developed for analyzing solid surfaces can in principal be applied to liquid surfaces, it turned out that they had to be adjusted to the particular challenges imposed by liquid samples, e.g. by the unavoidable vapor pressure and by the mobility of the constituting atoms/molecules. In the present work it is shown, how electron spectroscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy have been used for analyzing liquid surfaces. The emphasis of this review is on using the structural information gained for determining the physicochemical properties of liquid surfaces.

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“…Such shifts are typically in the order of a few eV due to the fact that the calculated species are isolated objects. 53,54 In the present case the shift is chosen such that the onset of the DOS in the calculation and the measurement overlap. The maximum in the titania DOS (6-8 eV) after shifting corresponds to the UPS and MIES measurements published by Krischok et al 55 This maximum is attributed to the O(2p) contribution.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Nature Of The Reference Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine-stabilised Au9 clusters interacting with titania and silica surfaces: The first evidence for the density of states signature of the support-immobilised cluster

Andersson

Golovko

Alvino

et al. 2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Chemically made, atomically precise phosphine-stabilized clusters Au9(PPh3)8(NO3)3 were deposited on titania and silica from solutions at various concentrations and the samples heated under vacuum to remove the ligands. Metastable induced electron spectroscopy was used to determine the density of states at the surface, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for analysing the composition of the surface. It was found for the Au9 cluster deposited on titania that the ligands react with the titania substrate. Based on analysis using the singular value decomposition algorithm, the series of MIE spectra can be described as a linear combination of 3 base spectra that are assigned to the spectra of the substrate, the phosphine ligands on the substrate, and the Au clusters anchored to titania after removal of the ligands. On silica, the Au clusters show significant agglomeration after heat treatment and no interaction of the ligands with the substrate can be identified.

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Composition of the outermost layer and concentration depth profiles of ammonium nitrate ionic liquid surfaces

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics

Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics

Thermodynamics and structure of liquid surfaces investigated directly with surface analytical tools**

Phosphine-stabilised Au9 clusters interacting with titania and silica surfaces: The first evidence for the density of states signature of the support-immobilised cluster

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