Composition of the Mucopolymer in Cell Walls of the Unstable and Stable L-Form of Proteus mirabilis

Martin, Hans Herbert

doi:10.1099/00221287-36-3-441

Cited by 131 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Other cell-wall material was seen in the process of detachment from the outer surface of the cell wall. Massive dissociation of small, globular particles from the outside of the same L-form spheroplasts had been found previously in metal-shadowed preparations (Martin, 1964) and is shown again in PI. 2, fig.…”

Section: Electron Microscopy Thin Sections Of Bacteria and L-formsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The following L-forms and bacterial strains of Proteus mirabilis were studied : (Martin, 1963(Martin, , 1964. The following descendants of strain ICA/PEN were included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolation of cell walls and the separation and purification of individual polymer cell-wall components, viz. murein sacculi and lipopolysaccharide, was carried out as described by Frank (1962) andMartin (1964). An outline of the procedure for the isolation of LPS and murein sacculi is given in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently a third variety of Proteus L-forms has been described (Martin, 1964). This type is non-reverting, i.e.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These polymers are anchored to the murein sacculus to form an intricate mosaic pattern of functional surface sites (antigens, bacteriophage receptors) whose structural details are still largely unknown (Weidel, 1958;Weidel, Frank & Martin, 1960;Martin & Frank, 1962;Weidel & Pelzer, 1964;Martin, 1964). The stable (= irreversible) L-form of P. mirabilis was found to lack both murein components and bacteriophage receptors and thus, like protoplasts of Gram-positive bacteria, seemed to have no cell wall (Kandler & Zehender, 1957;Taubeneck, Bohme & Schumann, 1958;Taubeneck, 1961).…”

Section: P H Hofschneider a N D H H Martinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Surface Layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis

Hofschneider

Martin

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe structure of surface layers of the bacterial form and different types of the L-form of Proteus mirabilis was studied by electron microscopy of thinsectioned organisms. Morphological data confirm the distinction between the cell wall-less protoplast-L-form and the wall-containing spheroplast-L-form. Organisms of the protoplast-L-form have only one surface-integument, presumably the cytoplasmic membrane. These forms never revert to the bacterial form. The spheroplast-L-form comprises reversible forms (unstable-spheroplast-L-form) as well as non-reverting strains (stable spheroplast-L-form). In both spheroplast-L-forms two surface integuments are always present : a cytoplasmic membrane and a superposed cell wall. In sections of isolated cell walls of normal Proteus bacteria and in wall material spontaneously dissociating from damaged cell walls of spheroplast-L-forms the triple-layered 'unit membrane' is a prominent feature. Thin sections of isolated cell wall lipopolysaccharide identify the unit membrane as a specific structure of this polymer. The thickness of the murein (syn. mucopeptide, mucopolymer) in isolated murein layers ('murein sacculi', Weidel & Pelzer, 1964) from cell walls of normal Proteus bacteria was found to be approximately 20-25 A.

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Section: Electron Microscopy Thin Sections Of Bacteria and L-formsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The following L-forms and bacterial strains of Proteus mirabilis were studied : (Martin, 1963(Martin, , 1964. The following descendants of strain ICA/PEN were included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently a third variety of Proteus L-forms has been described (Martin, 1964). This type is non-reverting, i.e.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P H Hofschneider a N D H H Martinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Surface Layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis

Hofschneider

Martin

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

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Biosynthesis of Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharide in Gram‐Negative Enteric Bacteria

Nikaido¹

1968

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Beobachtungen über die Vermehrung der stabilen L‐Form von Proteus mirabilis in flüssigen Nährmedien und die Funktion der Zellwand bei der Zellteilung

Gumpert

Taubeneck

1966

J of Basic Microbiology

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I m Rahmen fruherer Untersuchungen wurden in unserem Laboratorium von verschiedenen Proteus mirabilis Stammen stabile L-Formen eines Types gezuchtet (TAUBENECK u. SCHUHMANN 1959, TAUBENECK 1962 a und b), welcher sich nach unseren bisherigen Kenntnissen von den Ausgangsstammen nur durch eine veranderte Zellumhullung unterscheidet, genetisch jedoch mit ihnen ubereinstimmt (TAUBENECK 1963). Weder im Phasenkontrastmikroskop noch elektronenmikroskopisch im Ultradunnschnitt (TULASNE u. a. 1962, WEIBULL 1965) oder bedampften Praparaten (GUMPERT u. NERMUT 1966) sind bei diesen stabilen Proteus mirabilis L-Formen Zellwandstrukturen nachzuweisen. Nach Analysen von MARTIN (1964) besitzt auch unsere stabile L-Form von P. mirabilis Stamm VI (LVI) kein Murein mehr, sondern nur noch etwas Lipopolysaccharidmaterial aus der plastjschen Zellwandschicht. Es sind jedoch keine Phagenrezeptoren mehr vorhanden (TAUBENECK 1961). Die L-VI-Zellen konnen also prakt,isch als zellwandlose Proteus mirabilis-Zellen betrachtet werden. I n der letzten Zeit wurde wiederholt eine Beteiligung von Zellwand und cytoplasmatischer Membran am Zellteilungsgeschehen, insbesondere an der Replikation und Verteilung des genetischen Materials, theoretisch gefordert (JACOB u. a. 1963, ADELBERG u. PITTARD 1965 und experimentell nachgewiesen (RYTER u. JACOB 1964, FITZ-JAMES 1965.

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Composition of the Mucopolymer in Cell Walls of the Unstable and Stable L-Form of Proteus mirabilis

Cited by 131 publications

References 14 publications

Diversity of Surface Layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis

Diversity of Surface Layers in L-forms of Proteus mirabilis

Biosynthesis of Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharide in Gram‐Negative Enteric Bacteria

Beobachtungen über die Vermehrung der stabilen L‐Form von Proteus mirabilis in flüssigen Nährmedien und die Funktion der Zellwand bei der Zellteilung

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