Composition of the essential oils of Prangos scabra fruits and inflorescence from Iran

Abstract

The chemical composition of Prangos scabra and component activities have been investigated by several authors [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The air-dried fruits and inflorescence of Prangos scabra yielded 1.6% and 0.3% of a pale yellow oil, respectively. In the DPPH assay, the essential oils of the fruits (EOF) and inflorescence (EOI) exhibited weak free radical scavenging activities with RC 50 values of 1.58 and 1.42 mg/mL, respectively.The identified compounds from these essential oils [7,8], their retention indices, amounts (%) are summarized in Table 1. In the present study, while 20 major components, 67.1% of which were sesquiterpenes and 23.3% oxygenated sesquiterpenes, were identified in the EOF, the EOI were found to contain 14 main components, among which 15% were sesquiterpenes and 45.3% were oxygenated sesquiterpenes.The two most abundant components of the EOF were identified as β-elemene (19.9%) and β-farnesene (16.2%), whereas the EOI consists of epi-globulol (21.1%) and β-elemene (19.7%) as the two major components. Among the oxygenated sesquiterpenes, epi-globulol, spathulenol, caryophyllenoxide, and α-cadinol were the main components. The EOF contained only a small amount of monoterpenes, β-pinene (0.1%) and D-limonene (0.3%), while no monoterpenes in the EOI were present in detectable amounts. It is interesting to note that β-pinene, D-limonene, germacrene D, valencene, α-bisabolol, γ-cadinene, germacrene B, elemol, p-cresol, and α-bisabolol were present in the EOF but not in the EOI. Similarly, β-selinene, calarene, and p-methoxyacetophenone were found in the EOI but not in the EOF (Table 1).A comparison of the essential oil composition of Prangos scabra with that of some other members of the genus Prangos, available in the literature [4,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], shows that considerable variations exist in the compositions of the essential oils of different species of the genus Prangos, especially in terms of the type of major components present. It has been found that the most abundant component in the essential oils of P. uloptera [6,9,10,12], P. asperula subsp. haussknechth [11], P. bornmuelleri [15], P. heyniae [13], P. ferulaveae [18], and P. uechtritzii [13] were, respectively, α-pinene (15.0%), ∆ 3 -carene (16.1%), germacrene D (42%), β-bisabolene (53.3%), γ-terpinene (27.8%), and p-cymene (10.9%), whereas β-elemene was the main component of P. scabra. However, α-and β-pinene, germacrene D, and germacrene B are of common occurrence in the essential oils of fruits of nearly all investigated Prangos species. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil ofPrangos ferulaceae(L.) Lindl from Iran

“…Essential oil composition of aerial parts (Sefidkon, Khajavi, & Maleckpour, 1998) and fruits (Baser, Ermin, Adiguzel, & Aytac, 1996;Menghini, Cagiotti, Montanavella, & Fischer, 1987;Sefidkon et al, 1998) have previously been investigated. In previous reports, we described the chemical compositions of the essential oils of the umbels and fruits of P. uloptera (Nazemiyeh et al, 2007a) and P. scabra (Nazemiyeh et al, 2007b). As a part of our ongoing research on the Prangos genus, in the present work, we report on P. ferulaceae fruits and umbels oils.…”

Free-radical-scavenging principles from Phlomis caucasica

“…Whereas the genus Phlomis is known to produce a variety of compounds including, terpenoids, iridoids, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids [2], no phytochemical investigation on P. caucasica has ever been carried out before. As a part of our ongoing phytochemical and bioactivity studies on plants from Iranian flora [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], we report on the isolation and identification of seven antioxidant phenolic compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5), and two phenylethanoid glycosides (6-7) from the aerial parts of P. caucasica and also on their free-radical-scavenging properties in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay.…”

Volatile Constituents of the Aerial parts ofFerulago subvelutinaRech. f.,Ferulago stellataBoiss., Leaves and Flowers ofPrangos ferulacea(L.) Lindle. and Leaves ofFerula ovina(Boiss.) Boiss. Four Umbelliferae Herbs from Iran

“…The two most abundant components of the fruits oil were identified as β-elemene (19.9 %) and β-farnesene (16.2 %), where as the inflorescence oil consisted of epi-globulol (21.1 %) and β-elemene (19.7 %) as the two major components 58 .…”